WORKPLACE SPIRITUALITY, WORKERS’ COMMITMENT AND PERFORMANCE IN AJAYI CROWTHER UNIVERSITY AND FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, AKURE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Content                                                                                                     Page               

Title page                                                                                                                    i

Certification                                                                                                                ii

Dedication                                                                                                                  iii

Acknowledgements                                                                                                    iv

Abstract                                                                                                                      v

Table of Contents                                                                                                       vi

List of Tables                                                                                                              x

List of Appendices                                                                                                     xi

CHAPTER ONE:         INTRODUCTION                                                                

1.0Backgroundto the Study                                                                           1

1.1Statement of the Problem                                                                          3

1.2Objective of the Study                                                                              4

1.3Research Questions                                                                                                5

1.4Hypotheses                                                                                                            5

1.5Significance of the Study                                                                          6

1.6Scope of the Study                                                                                                6

1.7Operational Definition of Terms                                                                7

1.8Organisation/Plan of Study                                                                                8

CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF LITERATURE                                            

2.0       Introduction                                                                                                    9

2.1       Concept of Workplace Spirituality                                              9

2.1.1    Sense of Community                                                                                     11

2.1.2    Meaningful Work                                                                                          12

2.1.3    Inner Life                                                                                                        13

2.1.4    Organisational Alignment                                                                  15

2.2       Differences between Workplace Spirituality and Religion                 15

2.3       Employee Commitment                                                            16

2.4       Employee Performance                                                                               19

2.4.1    Task performance                                                                                 19

2.4.2    Contextual performance                                                                     20

2.5       Workplace Spirituality and Commitment                                          20

2.6       Workplace Spirituality and Performance                                             21

2.6.1    Human Resources Perspective                                                          21

2.6.2    Philosophical Perspective                                                        23

2.6.3    Community and Interconnectedness Perspective                     24

2.7       Organizational Culture                                                               25

2.8       The Nigerian Universities                                                            26

2.8.1    Federal University of Technology Akure                                        27

2.8.2    Ajayi Crowther University                                                               28

2.9       Theoretical Framework                                                                          29

2.9.1    Humanocracy                                                                              29

2.9.2    Theory of Psychological Ownership                     31

2.9.3    Spiritual Leadership Theory                                                                32

2.3       Empirical Review                                                                               36

2.3.1    Workplace Spirituality                                                                     36

2.3.2    Workplace Spirituality and Employee Commitment                                      38

2.3.3    Workplace Spirituality and Employee Performance                   41

2.3.4    Commitment and Performance                                                     43

2.4       Appraisal and Gaps in the Literature.                                                 45

2.4.1    Appraisal of the review                                                                         45

2.4.2    Gaps in the Literature                                                                    45

2.5       Conceptual Model                  47

CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY                                                                  

3.0       Introduction                                                                                       48

3.1       Research Design                                                                                 48

3.2       Population                                                                                        48

3.3       Sample size and sampling Technique                                                  50

3.4       Research Instrument                                                                          53

3.5       Pilot Study                                                                                                      54

3.6       Validity of Research Instrument                                                        54

3.7       Reliability of Research Instrument                                                   54

3.8       Sources of Data collection                                                              55

3.9       Method of Data Analysis                                                                              56

3.10     Ethical Considerations                                                                       56

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS, RESULTS AND

DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS                 

4.0       Introduction                                                                                       58

4.1       Presentation of Data                                                                          59

4.1.1    Demographic data of respondents                                                   59

4.1.2.   Data on Sense of Community                                                             61

4.1.3.   Data on Meaningful Work.                                                                    62

4.1.4    Data on Inner Life                                                                        63

4.1.5    Data on Affective Commitment                                              64

4.1.6    Data presentation on Continuance Commitment                               66

4.1.7    Data presentation on Task Performance                                       67

4.1.8    Data on Contextual Performance                                                     68

4.2       Data collected through interviews                                                 69

4.2.1    Responses from the Head of Administration, Technical, Secretariat and Human Resources.                                                                 69

4.2.2    Responses from the Focus group in ACU and FUTA                            71

4.3       Analysis of data: Test of Hypothesis                                             73

4.3.1    Decision rules                                                                                73

4.3.2    Data From Private University                                                             74

4.3.3    Hypothesis Test One                                                                        74

4.3.4    Discussion.                                                                                                      74

4.3.5    Hypothesis Test Two                                                                         75

4.3.6    Discussion                                                                                                       75

4.3.7    Hypothesis Test Three                   76

4.3.8    Discussion                                                                                                       77

4.3.9    Hypothesis Test Four                                                                                78

4.3.10  Discussion                                                                                                       78

4.3.11  Hypothesis Test five                                                                                79

4.3.12  Discussion                                                                                                       80

4.4       Data From Public University                                                              81

4.4.1    Hypothesis Test One                                                                                    81

4.4.2    Discussion.                                                                                                      82

4.4.3    Hypothesis Test Two                                                                         83

4.4.4    Discussion:                                                                                                      84

4:4:5    Hypothesis Test Three                                                                                  86

4.4.6    Discussion:                                                                                                      86

4:4.7    Hypothesis Test Four                                                                         87

4.4.8.   Discussion                                                                                                       88

4.4.9    Hypothesis Test five                                                                   88

4.4.10  Discussion:                                                                                                      89

4.4.11  Hypothesis Test Six                                                                              90

4.4.12  Discussion                                                                                                       91

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION

AND RECOMMENDATIONS                           

5.1       Summary                                                                                                         93

• Conclusion                                                                                          96
  • Recommendations                                                                                                97

5.4Contribution to Knowledge                                                                              98

5.5       Limitation of the Study                                                                      99

5.6       Suggestion for Further Studies                                                               99

REFERENCES                                                                                                   101

APPENDICES                                                                                                      111                                                     

LIST OF TABLES

Table