THE RECURRING INCIDENTS OF ETHNO-RELIGIOUS CONFLICTS IN NIGERIA: A PERSPECTIVE ON NATIONAL SECURITY CHALLENGES FOR NIGERIA

THE RECURRING INCIDENTS OF ETHNO-RELIGIOUS CONFLICTS IN NIGERIA: A PERSPECTIVE ON NATIONAL SECURITY CHALLENGES FOR NIGERIA

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1   BACKGROUND………………………………………..           1-5

1.2   STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM……………………..      5-6

1.3   OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY……………………………    6-7

1.4   SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY…………………………   7

1.5   SCOPE OF THE STUDY………………………………….      7

METHODOLOGY………………………………………………………   8

1.6   LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY……………………… 8

1.7   ENDNOTES……………………………………………………     9

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1   CONFLICT……………………………………………………      10-12

2.2   ETHNICITY……………………………………………………..   13-15

2.3   RELIGION……………………………………………………….   15-16

2.4   ETHNO-RELIGIOUS CONFLICTS………………………… 16-17

2.5   NATIONAL SECURITY……………………………………….  18-19

ETHNO-RELIGIOUS CONFLICTS AND NATIONAL

2.6   SECURITY………………………………………………..          20-21

2.7   SUMMARY………………………………………………………..  21-22

2.8   ENDNOTES…………………………………………………….    23-25

CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1   RESEARCH DESIGN…………………………………           26-27

3.2   AREA OF STUDY……………………………………………….. 27

3.3   SAMPLING AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE……………….27-28

3.4   POPULATION…………………………………………………….28

3.5   INSTRUMENT/METHODOLOGY FOR DATA

COLLECTION…………………………………………………….         28-29

3.6   RELIABILITY AND VALIDATION OF INSTRUMENTS…29

3.7   WEAKNESS OF THE STUDY………………………………… 30

3.8   SUMMARY………………………………………………………… 30

3.9   ENDNOTES………………………………………………………….31

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

THE RECURRING INCIDENTS OF ETHNO-RELIGIOUS

CONFLICTS IN NIGERIA: PERSPECTIVE ON NATIONAL

SECURITY CHALLENGES FOR NIGERIA…………………..     32-53

DATA ANALYSIS…………………………………………………..        53-54

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ETHNO-RELIGIOUS

CONFLICTS IN NIGERIA……………………………………….          54

RELIGIOUS AND ETHNIC INTOLERANCE……………….          55-56

COMPETITION FOR SCARE RESOURCES……………….          56-57

HIGH ILLETRACY LEVEL……………………………………….          57-58

POLITICAL REPRESENTATION……………………………..           58-59

CORRUPTION…………………………………………………….     59-60

INDIGENE/SETTLER DISPUTES…………………………….          60-61

IMPLICATIONS OF ETHNO-RELIGIOUS CONFLICTS ON

NATIONAL SECURITY…………………………………………      61-62

SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS……………………………………….            62-64

ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS………………………………….            65-66

POLITICAL IMPLICATIONS……………………………………           66-67

MEASURES TO MANAGE ETHNO-RELIGIOUS

CONFLICTS IN NIGERIA………………………………………            68-71

ENDNOTES…………………………………………………………            72-73

CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

CONCLUSION…………………………………………………..             74-76

RECOMMENDATIONS………………………………………..             77

ANNEX..….……………………………………………………….             A-1-4

ANNEX B………………………………………………………….             B-1-14

REFERENCES

BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………..             79-83

ABSTRACT

1.    Ethno-religious conflict has been one of the most pervasive and enduring conflicts in Nigeria due to its multi-ethnic nature and diverse socio-cultural background. The need to examine these conflicts and how they can be effectively managed in the country necessitated the study. The scope of the study covered the major ethno-religious conflicts in Nigeria since 1999 with the objectives of examining the causes, the political, economic and social implication of these conflicts and ways of managing and resolving them.

2.    The study also appraised the mechanism for conflict management and resolution in Nigeria. Information and data for the study was based on documents, published and unpublished texts, newspaper and magazines. Analysis of the data showed that conflict is a social phenomenon. It cannot be eliminated from any society, but can only be managed through effective mechanism put in place by government. The study identified the freedom of expression arising from the transition to democratic rule as the main cause of the recent ethno-religious conflicts in the country. Other causes of ethno-religious conflicts were identified, and traced to poverty and high level of corruption in the country.

CHAPTER ONE

1.0    GENERAL INTRODUCTION

1.1   BACKGROUND

The security of a state translates to its capacity to protect its citizens as well as national assets from both internal and external threats. National  security entails a condition in which citizens of a country enjoy free, peaceful and safe environment; and have access to resources which will enable them enjoy the basic necessities of life (Enahoro,2004). It also guarantees individuals and groups the freedom to carry out their legitimate businesses without hindrances.

THE RECURRING INCIDENTS OF ETHNO-RELIGIOUS CONFLICTS IN NIGERIA: A PERSPECTIVE ON NATIONAL SECURITY CHALLENGES FOR NIGERIA