THE RATE OF BLEACHING OF PALM OIL WHITE COAL

THE RATE OF BLEACHING OF PALM OIL WHITE COAL

ABSTRACT

This project was carried using activated local form local corporation Enugu, and the rate of bleaching of palm oil using spectrophotometer by measuring the absorbance. It was also performed to check the suitability of local as a bleaching agent for palm oil. The local from local corporation Enugu was collected and activated with acid (H2S04) before being used for the bleaching process. The bleaching effects of the activated local was compared to that of the unactivated local. From the results obtained, it was observed that whereas the weight engage of local was used, the average percentage colour reduction of palm oil. Therefore, the optimum amount of local for bleaching was found to be 10 weight % It was equally observed that as the temperature increased, the percentage colour reduction of the oil increases. Besides it was equally noticed that the smaller the fastide size of the local sample, the higher the effect of on the oil and the higher the percentage colour reduction.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION REVIEW 1

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW                                              4

2.1     HISTORY OF PALM OIL                                             4

1. CHARACTERISTICS OF PALM OIL                          9
2. PROPERTIES OF PALM OIL                                                9
3. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF PALM OIL              10
4. CATROTENES                                                             11
5. FATTY ACIDS                                                             14
6. NEUTRALIZATION                                                     22
7. BLEACHING                                                                23
8. CHEMICAL BLEACHING                                           24
9. AERATION BLEACHING                                          25
10. SOLVENT / ADSORPTION BLEACHING                 26
11. PREVENTING MEASURES OF PALM OIL              28
12. USES OF PALM OIL KERNEL AND

PALM KERNEL MEAL                                                         29

THE RATE OF BLEACHING OF PALM OIL WHITE COAL