THE IMPACT OF LEADERSHIP ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE: A CASE STUDY OF PHCN

DECLARATION ii

CERTIFICATION iii

DEDICATION iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT v

TABLE OF CONTENTS vii

ABSTRACT xi

          CHAPTER ONE

          INTRODUCTION

1.1    Background of the Study 1

1.2    Statement of the Problem 4

1.3    Objective of the Study 5

1.4    Research Questions 5

1.5    Research Hypotheses 6

1.6    Significance of the Study 7

1.7    Scope and limitation of Study 8

1.8    Definition of Terms      9

1.9    Historical Background of PHCN 10

          CHAPTER TWO

          LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1    Leadership Defined 15

2.2    Functions of a Leader 18

2.3    Qualities of a Leader 21

2.4    Leadership Style 25

2.5    Leadership and Power 30            

2.6    Leadership Theories 34

2.7    Leadership Development 55

2.8    Performance Defined 58

2.9    Performance Practice Indices 59

2.10  Appraisal Principle 66

          CHAPTER THREE

          RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1    Data Design 76

3.2    Area of Study 77

3.3    Sources of Data  77

3.4    Data Collection Instrument 78

3.5    Population of the Study 79

3.6    Sample Size 79

3.7    Data Analysis 79

          CHAPTER FOUR

          DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

4.1    Data Presentation 80

4.2    Data Analysis 81

4.3    Conclusion  106

          CHAPTER FIVE

          SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND   RECOMMENDATION

5.1    Summary of Findings 108

5.2    Conclusion 110

5.3    Recommendation 110

          Bibliography 112

          Appendix 115

          Questionnaire 116

                                          ABSTRACT

Employee performance is an importance building block of an organization but leadership is Central to the effectiveness of any organization. Leadership is geared at guiding and supervising the on the job performance and responsibilities of subordinates to achieve organizational goal. No organization could stand the test of time without effective leadership and leadership structure. This study investigated the impact of leadership on employee performance with particular reference to PHCN. Primary and secondary data was used. Five research questions and two hypothesis guided the study with the population of 160 respondents. Simple percentage was used to analyze the data  generated. The study revealed that the leadership style of leaders and participation of employee in decision making impacts positively on employee performance. Recommendations were made among which is that leadership development programs should be encouraged to help build leadership qualities among individuals with an organization.

                                      CHAPTER ONE

                                      INTRODUCTION

1.1    BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

          In an organization, there are two discernable groups of workers – the superiors and the subordinates. The superiors or managers are require to guide and at the same time motivate the subordinates by raising their zeal to carry out their assigned tasks. This is the managerial function of directing which is concerned with the human factor of the organization and whose process is to initiate and move subordinates to act in accordance with the planned mission of the organization. It involves guiding and supervising the on-the-job performance and responsibilities of subordinates. Management authors see directing as involving three (3) elements namely leadership, motivation and communication. Therefore, leadership is a factor in the managerial function of directing aimed at organizational performance.

          To lead means to guide, conduct, direct, proceed and to show the way, by doing what you want others to do first. Conceptually leadership can be defined as the ability

to lead. Copper and William (1990), leadership is the act of process of influencing people so that they will strive willingly and enthusiastically toward the achievement of group goals. It is also the process of influencing others to work willingly and to the best of their capabilities towards the goals of the leader. Leadership involves the ability to use different forms of power to influence employee behaviours in a number of ways either positively or negatively. Leadership involves others, in other words, leadership involves followers. The followers may be superior, peers as well as subordinates. By their willingness to follow, accept direction from the leader, group members help define the leader’s status and make the leadership process possible. Leadership is a narrower  activity, a tool of management and a technique for influencing people in an organization. Managerial ability is always an asset to the leader who can acquire it.

          Employee performance is an important building block of an organization. Organization cannot progress by one or two individual’s efforts but by the collective efforts of all

members of the organization performance is a multi-dimensional construct aimed to achieve results and have a strong link to strategic goals of the organization. (Mwita, 2000). Performance is a vital feature of an organization. Leaders at all the level have to input their efforts and make maximum use of the abilities which sometimes are produced under supervision or without it. Latest studies provide that organizations invest heavily in Human Resource Development interventions to updates and skill employees inorder to attain job performance. Currently leadership is widely recognized and verified through research. Leaders can influence the people and motivate them (Popper, 2005). Effective leadership increases human  capability and ensures competitive advantages. Leadership helps in identifying and managing team where group development and specifically personal development and growth  of managers also take place.

          Leadership is  a core issue in Nigeria both at  the Federal, State and Local Government. It transcedes every level. Bad leadership leads to disintegration, anarchy and chaos. Leadership is essential to the prosperity, productivity, survival and performance or otherwise of any organization.

1.2    STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM     Management effectiveness refers to how best organizational goals are achieved.