THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC RECESSION IN BANKING INDUSTRY A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA STOCK EXCHANGE

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The Capital Market exists to provide long term capital to both government and co-operate bodies for incentives, socio-economical and infrastructural development purposes.
The Capital Market deals with financing instruments of long-term nature. These instruments include equities (ordinary shares) and bonds. The Capital Market is different from the money market in terms of the maturity profile of the instrument issued and traded.
The Money Market especially consists of short term instruments, often of less than one year maturity such as banker’s acceptance. Commercial papers and treasury bills.
The Capital Market operates at two-levels, the primary where new issues or securities are raised from the investing public, with proceed going to the issuer and the secondary market where old or outstanding securities are bought and sold.
These markets cannot operate in isolation without anyone approaching the Capital Market which shall provide long term financing is being complemented by various project financing ranging from the private sector (individuals AND companies). Here, the Capital Market appears good option since the banking industry is not the ideals source for long term funds.
The study adopts a different prospective by closely looking at the importance of Capital Market its institution on project financing for the development of the Nigerian economy.
Also, there are various sources of finance in every economy, developed, developing or undeveloped. Those sources include, the Capital and Money Markets. Money Market is an avenue for short –term finances. It provides a mechanism for meeting the liquidity needs of the lenders and the short term requirement of the borrowers. This is done through the trading of some market instruments, which include treasury bills, call money. Treasury certificate, certificate of deposit e.t.c.
This study will therefore attempt to appraise the role of the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) being one of the most active operators of the Capital Market in the generation of finance for public and private projects and also in developing the Nigerian economy.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS
Since Capital Market is central to this study and also to the finance of public and private projects, as well as the development of the Nigerian economy as a whole.
Therefore, the problem, which this study seeks to solve, is concerned with the Nigerian Capital Market some of this problems associated with the market include:
The problem of inadequate infrastructural facilities such as effective computerization telecommunication system that result into lower operational efficiency.
The market has not effectively mobilized savings and disbursed it among the various economic units in Nigeria.
The problem of awareness of Capital Market operations and activities over time.
Lack of the knowledge of the essence of Capital Market is an economy.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The research is carried out to achieve the following objectives:
In partial fulfillment for the award of Higher National Diploma in Banking and Finance.
To know the impact of Capital Market on the development of the Nigerian economy.
To analyze the benefit derived by both individual and government in Capital Market
To have an insight knowledge of both the private and public projects.
To determine the vital role played by the Nigerian Capital Market in the recapitalization of commercial bank in Nigeria.
To give a through insight into the operations of the Nigeria Stock Exchange (NSE), so as to give a general knowledge to the public and thereby disprove the nation that Stock Exchange is an elite club for the few privilege.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Order in to accomplish the purpose of the study, the research work will focus on the following questions:
What has been the performance and contribution of the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) in the realization of the development of the Nigerian economy?
What is the contribution of the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) towards financing both private and public projects?
What is the contribution of the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) to the gross fixed deposits formation?
RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
Ho: Capital Market does not contribute to the financing of public and private projects.
Hi: Capital Market contributes to the financing of public and private projects.
Ho: Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) does not influence gross fixed capital formation.
Hi: Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) influence gross fixed capital formation.
Ho: Sourcing fund through the Capital Market does not enhance co-operate development.
Hi: Sourcing fund through the Capital Market enhance co-operate development.