THE CAUSES OF RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION AMONG SCHOOL LEAVERS

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Migration simply means the physical movement by humans from one area to another, sometimes over long distance or in large groups. Historically, this movement was noticed among the nomadic and this oen cause significant conflict with indigenous population and their displacement or cultural assimilation. Only a few nomadic people have retained this farm of life styles in modern times, migration has continued under the form of both voluntary ,migration within one’s region, country, or beyond and involuntary migration, which includes the slave trade, traicking of human beings and ethnic leashing. People who migrate into a territory are called immigrants, while at the departure point, they are emigrants. Small populations migrating to develop a territory considered void of settlement depending on historical setting, circumstances and perspective are referred to as settlers or colonist, while populations displaced by immigration and colonization are called refugees.

The rest of this article will cover sense of a “change of residence”, rather than the temporary migrations of travel tourism, pilgrimages, or the commute. According to international organization for migration, the term migrant was usually understood to cover all cases where the decision to migrate was taken freely by the individual concerned for reasons of “personal convenience” and without intervention of an external compelling factor, it therefore applied to persons, and family members, moving from one country to another country or region to better their materials or social conditions and improve the prospect for themselves or their family. Migration appeared to modern men in stages which was due to mans mobility, hunting for animals, food and moving from place to place in search for favourable climate and safety from wide animals in the jungles. The above factors coupled with area with social amenities might have been the causes of the evolution of migration.

Some theorist on migration are Sjaasted (1962), Todare (1969), Marries (1970), are leading exponents of economic theoretical model of migration decision making. Sjaasted’s model contents that people will move with the net present income than the net cost. Todare (1969) suggested that migration will continue as long as rural income level is low. Both Tadare (1969) and marries (1970) presented a two sector model of the dynamic model of employment in urban sector, which stresses three factors of migration namely: 1. The most migrants move in search of better life and income earning opportunities. 2. The migrants nationally take into consideration their chances of securing a job at destination. 3. That migrant will continues to move as long as income and job opportunities appear better in places other than their place of origin.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The project work therefore concern itself with specially gathering information that will offer solution to the following problems: 1. Does lack of infrastructural amenities affects the welfare of the rural dwellers? 2. Does the provision of social amenities bring about any meaningful development in the rural sectors? 3. Does the breakdown of some of the amenities disturb the economic and social life of the people?