REENGINEERING NIGERIA PUBLIC SECTOR ORGANIZATIONS FOR EFFICIENCY

ABSTRACT

The research focuses on Reengineering Nigeria Public Sector Organizations for efficiency. The objectives of this study are; to investigate the reasons for failure of public sector organizations in Nigeria; to evaluate how to reengineer Nigeria public sector organizations especially the PHCN and NNPC; to identify the impact of reengineering in Nigerian public sector organizations; to evaluate the problems that can be encountered in reengineering public sector organization in Nigeria. Primary and Secondary data were used. The population of the study is 1800, from which the sample size of 327 was determined using Taro Yamane’s formula. The research instruments used were questionnaire and interview. Chi-square was used to test the hypotheses. The findings from the study reveal that; maladministration, government interference, corruption are the reasons for failure of Nigeria public sector organizations; adequate funding, training and developing employees’ privatization and commercialization could reengineer Nigeria public sector organizations; reengineering Nigeria public sector organizations could lead to provision of quality goods and services; financial constraints, corruption, bureaucratic bottleneck are challenges of reengineering public sector organizations. The study recommends that government should endeavour to motivate staff adequately to enhance efficiency and productivity; infrastructural facilities should be improved as a matter of urgency for sustainability of public organizations; Nigerian public sector organizations should be privatized or commercialized to avoid imminent collapse; transparency, good moral and ethical standards should be introduced as a rule in Nigerian public sector organizations.

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page        –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           i

Certification    –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           ii

Approval Page     –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           iii

Dedication      –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           iv

Acknowledgements                –           –           –           –           –           –           –           v

Abstract          –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           vi

Table of Contents           –           –           –           –           –           –           vii

List of Tables  –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           ix

List of Figures –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           x

CHAPTER ONE:     INTRODUCTION

1. Background of the Study       –           –           –           –           –           –           1
2. Statement  of the Problem      –           –           –           –           –           –           2
3. Objectives of the Study          –           –           –           –           –           –           3
4. Research Questions     –           –           –           –           –           –           –           3
5. Research Hypotheses –            –           –           –           –           –           –           3
6. Significance  of the Study –    –           –           –           –           –           –           4
7. Scope of the Study     –           –           –           –           –           –           –           4
8. Limitation of the Study          –           –           –           –           –           –           4
9. Definition of Terms    –           –           –           –           –           –           –           4
10. Profile of the selected Organization under Study            –           5

CHAPTER TWO:    REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

• Definition and Concept of Reengineering            –           –           8 
• Principles of Reengineering    –          –           –           –           11
• The Elements of Reengineering                  –           –           –           13
• Reengineering and Creativity –             –           –           –           15
• Change Management  –              –           –           –           16
• Role of ICT in BPR             –           –           –           –           17
• Steps to a Successful Public Sector Reengineering     –           17
• Strategies for Implementing Public Sector Reengineering     –             20
• Problems Militating against Implementation of Reengineering in Nigeria

Public Sector Organizations    –           –           –           –           –           –           21

2.10     Impact of BPR in Nigeria Public Sector Organizations   –           22       

2.11     Applying Reengineering Principles and Strategies for Improved

Performance in Nigeria Public Sector Organizations –           –           –           23

CHAPTER THREE:            RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

• Area of the Study       –           –           –           –           –           –           –           26
• Sources of Data          –           –           –           –           –           –           –           26
• Population of the Study             –           –           –           –           26
• Sample Size Determination          –           –           –           –           27
• Description of Research Instrument   –  –           –           –           29
• Method of Data Analysis       –           –           –           –           –           –           29
• Validity of the Research Instrument –           –           –           29
• Reliability of the Research Instrument             –           –           30

 CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

4.1       Data Presentation         –           –           –           –           –           31

4.2       Hypotheses Testing       –           –           –           –           –           35

CHAPTER FIVE:    FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

• Summary of Findings –    –           –           –           –           –           43       
• Conclusions     –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           44
• Recommendations      –   –           –           –           –           44 

Bibliography   –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           45

Appendices     –           –           –           –           –           –           –           –           46

LIST OF TABLES

Table 4.1:       Work Experience of the Respondents     –           –           28 

Table 4.2:       Responses on the Reasons for the Failure of Pubic Sector    

                        Organizations in Nigeria          –           –           –           28

Table 4.3:       Responses on How to Reengineer the Nigerian Public Sector

Organizations in Nigeria         –           –           –           –           –           29

Table 4.4:       Responses on the Impact of Reengineering on the Nigerian Public Sector Organizations   –           –           –           –           –           –           30

Table 4.5:       Responses on the Problems Encountered in Reengineering Public Sector Organizations   –           –           –           –           –           –           30

Table 4.6:        A Contingency Table (Reproduced Table 4.2) for Hypothesis Testing            31

Table 4.7:        A Contingency Table (Reproduced Table 4.3) for Hypothesis Testing 33

Table 4.8:        A Contingency Table Reproduced (Table 4.4) For Hypothesis Testing 35

Table 4.9:        A Contingency Table (Reproduced table 4.5) for Hypothesis Testing             37

LIST OF FIGURES

Fig. 4.1:          Questionnaire Analysis           –           –           –           27

Fig. 4.2:          Sex of the Respondents           –           –           –           27

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1       BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Most Nigerian Public Sector Organizations have disappointed a vast majority of Nigerians. These organizations, especially those that provide power and energy have provided very poor services in the country. The operating costs and debts of these organizations have risen dramatically that they have sparked a nationwide call for restructure or re-engineering.

Most public sector organizations have large number of employees, the Power Holding Company of Nigerian (PHCN) currently has 50,000 workers, while the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) workforce is slightly lower, whose jobs would be threatened, and should these organizations fail. There is therefore the need to find a lasting solution to the aliments or failures of these public sector organizations as to forestall an unemployment crisis, a debt crisis, and ever increasing operating costs. This solution may lie in reengineering these organizations. (www.phcnonline.com) 

Reengineering known as business process reengineering (BPR) is “the fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business process to achieve dramatic improvements in critical, contemporary measures of performance, such as cost, quality, services and speed”. (Hammer and Champy 1993:32).

As conceived, it means tossing aside old system starting over by going back to the beginning and inventing a better way of doing work. Its proponents emphasize the words, fundamental, radical, dramatic, and process.  The message here is simple and straight forward, businesses must struggle to discard habits and traditions, those scarce and cherished walls of large, corporate entities that have transformed them into centralized bureaucracies, creating layers and layers of management over time, and which in turn symbolize the production of layers and layers of corporate rules, procedures and manuals. What had resulted in less flexibility and adaptability and therefore less capacity for competition against small, lean and aggressive niche competitors engaged in predatory market offensive (Hammer and Champy 1993:3).

In some ways, reengineering appears to be a reincarnation of Taylor’s scientific management model, which aspired to employ scientific and empirical methods in understanding work at the shop room level. (Taylor, 1911) Taylor’s use of time and motion studies advanced the principles of understanding the work process to eliminate stages that cause wastage and fatigue among workers in the shop room.  Reengineering would do the same thing except that it advocates the more radical prescription of discarding old process and starting a new.  (www.phcnonline.com).

Consequently, it is not difficult to understand why reengineering has captured the imagination of practitioners and business owners, it offers an                                                                                              opportunity to make policy makers take another fresh look at the logic and rationale of these rules and regulations, opening possibilities of discarding old ways of doing business.  This is significant because through the years, much attention has been given to the agenda of reforming the public sector organizations and appraises their poor performance to make them viable to provide services that they were statutorily established to provide for Nigerians.  (Danilo R. Reyes: 2000).

1.2       STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM