PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF THE LEAF OF CARICA PAPAYA L

PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF THE LEAF OF CARICA PAPAYA L

CHAPTER ONE

1.0     Introduction

Manihot esculenta with common names ‘‘cassava’’, is a woody shrub of the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae native to South America. It is extensively cultivated as an annual crop in tropical and subtropical regions for its edible starchy tuberous root, a major source of carbohydrates. Cassava can also be classified into different species which include M.aesculifolia (AES), M. Brachyloba (BLO), M. Carthaginensis (CTH), M.Esulenta subsp,  M. Tristis (TST). However, it contains cynogens (1.3%) depending on cultivars (Stupak et al., 2006) and large amount of cyanogenic glucosiders in the cassava flour (Cumbane et al., 2007) which could limit cassava root utilization for consumption and for livestock feeding. Cassava appears to have originated in Brazil and Paraguay, but has spread throughout tropical areas of south and Central America long before the arrival of Columbus. Cassava is now one of the most important food crops in counties throughout the world.

It ranks as the 6^th most important food crop worldwide, even though in Western countries it is little known or used. The tubers of cassava or ‘’Yuca’’, as the plant is commonly known in South America, are extremely rich in starch infact, it is the richest sources of starch of any food plant (it contains up to 10times as much starch as corn and twice as much as potatoes). The large tubers, which can weight can weigh up to 5kg provide 30% of their dry weight as starch. However, the entire plant is poisonous if consumed raw, due to its linamarin content, a pre-cursor of cyanode glycosides.  Nigeria is the world’s largest producer of cassava while Thailand is the largest exporter of dried cassava.

1.1     Objective Of Study

The objectives of the study is

• To analyse the microbial content of dried cassava peel
• To isolate and identify the potential spoilage organism of this product
• To make recommendation on how to preserve the peels before consumption by the livestock.

1.2     Scope And Limitation

This study will cover the production processing and storage of cassava peel for livestock consumption (pig) and the limitation will include inadequacy of current literature tone and financial constrain.

1.3     Significance of The Study

Scientific studies shows that high level of cyanic acid and some pathogenic microorganism present in cassava peel can have a disastrous effect on livestock that feeds on them, therefore this study seeks to find out how to reduce these substances to be bearest minium to avoid creating a disease condition in this animal.