PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF BRACHYSTEGIA EURYCOMA (ACHI) AND MUCUNA FLAGILLEPES (IBABA) SEEDS ON DRY WET BASIS

PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF Brachystegia eurycoma (ACHI) and Mucuna flagillepes (IBABA) SEEDS ON DRY WET BASIS

ABSTRACT

The proximate and phytochemicals analysis of Brachystegia eurycoma and Mucuna flagillepes, which are well known Nigerian soup thickeners and condiments, were analysed. Using the following methods A.O.A.C for the determination of Alkaloid, Boham, and Kocipia method for determination of tannin. The results shows that Mucuna flagillepes has 11.50±0.10mg/100g protein content, 72.73±0.10mg/100g carbohydrate content and 0.87±0.30mg/100g alkaloid as well as 7.23±0.20mg/100g flavonoid content. Brachystegia eurycoma has lipid content 7.45±0.11mg/100g, 0.14±0.01mg/100g tannin content, 0.87±0.30mg/100g alkaloid content, 7.23±0.20mg/100g flavonoid content and 0.89±0.10mg/100g content of saponins. Both Brachystegia eurycoma and Mucuna flagillepes are rich in protein and phenolic compounds.

KEYWORD: Phytochemical, Proximate, Brachystegia eurycoma (Achi), Mucuna flagillepes (Ibaba).

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 Pages

Title page     –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –          i

Certification                     –         –         –         –         –         –         –          ii

Dedication   –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –          iii

Acknowledgements          –         –         –         –         –         –         –          iv-v

Abstract                 –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –          vi

Table of contents   –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –          vii-viii

List of tables-         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –          ix

CHAPTER ONE

1.0     Introduction –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –          1-2

1.1     Aim and Objectives         –         –         –         –         –         –          2

1.2     Scope and Limitation       –         –         –         –         –         –          2-3

1.3     Definition of terms –         –         –         –         –         –         –          3-4

CHAPTER TWO

2.0     Literature Review  –         –         –         –         –         –         –          5

2.1     The Leguminosae  Family         –         –         –         –         –          5

2.2     Brachystegia eurycoma (Achi)  –         –         –         –         –          5-6

2.3     Mucuna flagillepes (Ibaba)        –         –         –         –         –          6-9

2.4     L-Dopa        –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –          9-11

2.5     Phenolic Compound        –         –         –         –         –         –          11-12

2.6     Anti-nutritional factors in Mucuna                 –         –         –          12-13

2.7     Function of Mucuna  flagillepes                   –         –         –          –         13-14

CHAPTER THREE

3.0     Materials and Methods              –         –         –         –         –          15

3.1     Sample Collection –         –         –         –         –         –         –          15

3.2     Sample Treatment/Preparation   –         –         –         –         –          16-18

3.3     Equipment/Materials       –         –         –         –         –         –          18-19

3.4     Reagent        –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –          19-20

3.5     Determination of Alkaloid         –         –         –         –         –          20-21

3.6     Determination of Tannin  –         –         –         –         –         –          21

3.7     Determination of Saponin          –         –         –         –         –          22

3.8     Determination of Flavonoids     –         –         –         –         –          23

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0     Results and Discussion    –         –         –         –         –         –          24

4.1     Results         –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –          24-25

4.2     Discussion   –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –          26-29

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0     Conclusion and Recommendation        –         –         –         –          30

5.1     Conclusion  –         –         –         –         –         –         –         –          30-31

5.2     Recommendation   –         –         –         –         –         –         –          31

References

LIST OF TABLE

Tables                          Title                                                        Pages

Table 1: Proximate Composition         –         –         –         –         –          24

Table 2: Phytochemical Composition  –         –         –         –         –          25

 CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

In Nigerian and some other parts of the world, Brachystegia eurycoma and Mucuna flagillegpes as generally used as soup thickeners. Brachystegia eurycoma is a tree plant which belongs to the family legumiesae eaesalpiricene. It bears fruits which contains flat shing brown, edible seeds that are used as sap thickeners especially in the eastern and southern parts of Nigeria (Keay et al; 1968).

Mucuna flagillepes is very important crop which is said to have originated from Malaysia and belong to the family leguminosae papilionoiceae. It is climon annual or biennial, herbaceaais vigorus climbings crop which contains seeds that are flattened, circular and blank which dry (Ezueh, 1997).

If left to ripen, the seeds are collected for eating after pounding cooking and these seeds constitute a good source of protein. It is widely accepted that Brachystegia euryeoma and mucuna flagillepes have high medicinal and nutritional properties. They also serve as source of nutrients to the dish and reduce bulk in the diet (Ezuek, 19997).

1.1  AIM AND OBJECTIVES

The aim and objectives of this research project is to analyze the phytochemical and proximate composition of Brachystegia eurycoma (Achi) and Mucuna flagillepes (Ibaba) seeds on dry weight basis.

1.2   SCOPE AND LIMITATION

The design of this project is to investigate and determine the phytochemical and proximate composition Brachystegia eurycoma (Achi) and Mucuna flagillepes (Ibaba) seeds.

Due to lack of finance, adequate facilities and time constraints hindered the smooth running this research project. Therefore, it is limited to only the phytochemical analysis and proximate composition.

Interesting, soup thickeners especially mucuna fligillepes has been used for various medicinal purpose. In Nigeria, it has been given to pregnant women to avoid miscarriage (Ajikle et al; 1997).

PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF Brachystegia eurycoma (ACHI) and Mucuna flagillepes (IBABA) SEEDS ON DRY WET BASIS