PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND THE ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES OF DICHLOROMETHANE FRACTION OF METHHANOL EXTRACT OF CRATEVA ADANSONII

PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND THE ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES OF DICHLOROMETHANE FRACTION OF METHHANOL EXTRACT OF CRATEVA ADANSONII

ABSTRACT

Inflammation is a complex biological response of vascular tissue to harmful stimuli such as pathogen, damage cells or irritants (Ryan & Majno, 1983). The urgency generated by increased rate of stroke, atherosclerosis attribute due to prolonged use of cyclooxygenase-1 and Cyclooxygenase- 2 inhibitors have accelerated anti-inflammatory drug research over the last decade while synthetic pharmaceutical agents continued to dominate research (Ryan & Majno, 1983). Attention increasingly has been directed to natural products. These are often more affordable and available and sometimes are perceived as more effective than conventional anti- inflammatory drugs. Anti-inflammation was carried out using 12 rats which was divided into three groups of 4 rats each. Group 1 and 2 served as the negative and positive control respectively. Group 3 received 25mg/kg b.w. of the dichloromethane fraction of methanol extract of Crateva adansonii showed significance anti-inflammatory activity when compared with the standard difference used.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Title page

Certification

Dedication

Acknowledgmnt

Abstract

Table of Content

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Crateva adansonii as a plant

1.3 Research aim and objectives

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 Definition of Inflammation

2.1 Characteristics of Inflammation

2.2 Classes of Inflammation

2.3 Types of Inflammation

2.4 Chemical mediators of Inflammation

2.4.0 Properties of Mediators

2.4.1 Histamine

2.4.2 Serotonin

2.4.3 Cytokines

2.4.4 Arachidonic acid

2.4.5 Platelet Activating Factor (PAF)

2.4.6 Free Radicals

2.4.6.1 Nitric Oxide (NO)

2.4.6.2 Oxygen-derived free radicals

2.4.7.0 Complement system

2.4.7.1 The clotting system/Coagulation system

2.4.7.2 The Kinin System

2.4.7.3 The fibrinolytic system

2.5.0 Anti-Inflammatory agents

2.5.1 Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS)

2.5.1.0 Mechanism of Action of NSAIDS

2.5.2 Steroidal Anti-inflammatory drugs

CHAPTER THREE

MATERIAL AND METHODS

3.1 Materials

3.1.1 Equipment/Apparatus used

3.1.2 Chemical, Solvents and Reagents

3.1.3 Animals

3.2 Methodology

3.2.1 Collection and preparation of Plant Materials

3.2.2 Extraction

3.3 Fractionation

3.3.1 Gel Column Chromatography

3.4. Identification of Phytochemical groups in the extrat

3.4.1 Preparation of Reagents for phytochemical analysis

3.4.2 Qualitative phytochemical analysis of the Extract

3.5 Thin Layer Chromatography

3.6 Anti-inflammatory activity test

CHAPTER FOUR

Result

CHAPTER FIVE

Discussion

Conclusion

References

Appendixes