TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page i
Approval Page ii
Certification iii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgement v
Table of Contents vi
List of Tables ix
List of Figures x
Abstract xi
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
Background to the study 1
Statement of the Problem 3
Purpose of the Study 4
Research Questions 5
Hypotheses 5
Significance of the Study 6
Scope of the Study 6
Operational Definition of Terms 7
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE
A conceptual Review 8
Concept of Motivation 8 (a) Types of Motivation 9
Intrinsic 9
Extrinsic
(b) The Motivation process 10
(c) General Principles of Motivation 11
Concept of Motivational variables 12
Recognition 13
Regular promotion 14
Enhanced remuneration 16
Job Enrichment 18
Training and development 21
Concept of Job satisfaction 24
Factors affecting job satisfaction 26
Motivational variables and job satisfaction 27
(B) Review of Related theories 28
Needs based theory of motivation 30
(C) Review of Relevant Empirical Studies 32
(D) Summary of Review Literature 35
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design 37
Area of Study 37
Population for the Study 38
Sample and Sampling Technique 39
Instrument for Data Collection 39
Validity of Instrument 39
Reliability of the instrument 39
Ethical Consideration 40
Procedure for data collection 40
Methods of Data Analysis 40
CHAPTER 4: PRESENTATION OF RESULTS
Demographic Characteristics of Respondents 41
Summary of findings 59
CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
Discussion of major findings 62
Implications of the findings 68
Conclusion 69
Recommendation 69
Limitations of the study 69
Suggestions for further studies 70
Summary 70
REFERENCES 72
APPENDIX I 78
APPENDIX II 79
LIST
OF TABLES
Table 1:- Demographic Distribution of the
Respondents. 41
Table 2:- Recognition of the Nurse and Midwife educators in their various places of work. 43
Table 3:- Promotion of the Nurse and Midwife Educators in their various places of work. 45
Table 4:- Salary Grade Level of Nurse and Midwife
Educators for their status. 47
Table 5:- Enrichment of Nurse and Midwife
Educators in their Job Placement. 49
Table 6:- In- service Training of Nurse and
Midwife Educators in Job placement. 51
Table 7:- Satisfaction of nurse and midwife
educators in their job. 53
Table 8:- Relationship between recognition and job satisfaction of nurse educators and midwife educators 54
Table 9:- Relationship between promotion and job satisfaction of nurse and midwife educators 55
Table 10:- Relationship between remuneration and job
satisfaction of nurse educators and midwife educators. 55
Table 11:- Relationship between job enrichment and job satisfaction of nurse educators and midwife educators 56
Table 12:- Relationship between Training and Development and job satisfaction of nurse educators and midwife educators 56
Table 13:- Relationship between motivational variables and job satisfaction of nurse educators and midwife educators 58
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: The Motivation Process 11
Figure 2: Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs 28
Figure 3: Need base Theory of Motivation 29
Figure 4:Maslwo Hierarchy of Needs pyramid 32
ABSTRACT
This study
investigated the relationship between motivational variables and job
satisfaction as perceived by nurse and midwife educators in Schools of Nursing
and Midwifery in Akwa Ibom State. The objectives of the study were to: (i)
Determine the relationship between staff recognition and job satisfaction as
perceived by nurse and midwife educators in Akwa Ibom State. (ii) Determine the
relationship between promotion and job satisfaction as perceived by nurse and
midwife educators in Akwa Ibom State. (iii) Ascertain how salary influences job
satisfaction has perceive by nurse and midwife educators in Akwa Ibom State.
(iv)Ascertain how the level of job enrichment influences job satisfaction as
perceived by nurse and midwife educators in Akwa Ibom State (v). Determine how
training and development impact on the level job satisfaction as perceives by
Nurse and midwife educators in Akwa Ibom State and (vi) Determine if nurse and midwife educators perceived job
satisfaction in their place of work. A descriptive cross sectional survey was
adopted for the study. No sampling was adopted, all nurse and midwife educators
in schools of Nursing and Midwifery, Akwa Ibom State consisting of one hundred
and sixty (160) subjects were studied. A researcher–constructed instrument
“Motivational Variables and Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (MVAJSQ)” containing
53 items in two sections was used for data collection and was pretested using
split half reliability with Pearson Product Moment Correlation which yielded r
= 0.75. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistical procedure: mean,
standard deviation and mean of means was 2.50. Hypothesis tested with Pearson
Product Moment correlation probability value less than 0.05 was considered
statistically significant. The survey result revealed that nurse and midwife
educators perceived recognition and promotion in their places of work, they
were not enriched in their job placement and poorly perceived salary grade
level, they were not satisfied with their job so the nurse and midwife
educators should be made more attractive through the implementation of the
special and enhanced salary structure to educators.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study
Motivation is that energizing force that
induces or compels and maintains behavior Nwachukwu, (2011). Human behavior is
motivated and goal directed. The success of any motivational effort depends on
the extent to which the motivator meets the needs of the individual employees
for whom it is intended. Motivation is a basic psychological process, and
motivational factors show the competitiveness in the institution naturally
along with perception, personality, attitudes and learning. Motivation is an
important element of behavior (Ebrahim, &Wachtel, 2010). Shaffer and Shoben
( 2011) defined motivation as a socially learnt
behavioral pattern involving need, desire, recognitions, rewards
mechanisms and end results. Motivation is very important in a workplace as it
may lead to employee satisfaction.Nurse and Midwife educators are employees in
nursing educational institutions, and like other employees in other work
organizations, they desireto be motivated through various means.
Motivational
variables and job satisfaction are very essential in the lives of employees
because they constitute some of the fundamental reasons for working in life.A
motivational variable is a factor that exerts a driving force on actions and
work output of employers in work situations and contribute to employee’s job satisfaction.Moreover,
employees are the key drivers of prosperity and success of any institution or
organization. Unless and until the institutions or work organizations recognize the effort and contributions of their employees and reward
them accordingly, they will not be able to conquer the highest level of
motivation and job satisfaction of the employees(Agbaragba,2010).
Motivational
variables are those factors which when put in place act like a driving force
that propels an employee to work to achieve a set goal for the organization.
Motivational variables include such factors as recognition, promotion,
remuneration, job enrichment, staff – training and development. Reward and
recognition are advantageous to the employees in a way that it injects self-confidence
(Khan, 2011). An employee looks forward
to the day he will earn a promotion. Regular promotion is a reward for past
performance and encouragement to help an employee to continue to excel. It is a
vote of confidence and the employee who is denied promotion for a long time
gets frustrated. How an employee perceives an opportunity for promotion
influences job satisfaction.
Remuneration is
another important motivational variable. Regular and good salary is a motivator
of behavior. There are people who have to work in order to maintain a large
family .If an individual works hard but
does not receive what he considers as adequate remuneration for the effort
expended, he could be dissatisfied (Nwachukwu, 2011).
Job enrichment contributes a lot to job satisfaction.
It is believed that the nature of job or work in the present job is one of the
factors that influence job satisfaction. Management can motivate employees by
designing jobs so as to satisfy motivational needs. Any job that robs employees
of their needs for achievement, recognition, acceptance and self-fulfillment
will tend to dissatisfy them (Nwachukwu, 2011). Management should find out if
the job is fascinating, routine, satisfying, boring, pleasant, tiresome,
challenging or frustrating. Whether an employee works hard or not, derives
satisfaction from the job or not is influenced by the way he perceives the work
he is assigned to perform (Akpan, 2011). Training and development is an
important factor in fostering personal and academic development of the
employee. Training is an important motivator and training of employee brings
about personal and enhanced development. If employees are trained, their level
of education will be updated and there will be increase in skills. When employees are motivated through
recognition, regular promotion, remuneration, job enrichment, training and
development, it is likely that job dissatisfaction will be eliminated
(Van-Knippenberg,2010).Motivation within an organization remains high if a
worker perceives that there are opportunities for personal development or
professional advancement, if he feels capable of completing tasks correctly and
is involved with various organizational decision-making and goal-setting
processes.
Irrespective of the relationship which may
exist between motivational variables and job satisfaction different individual
or groups may perceive it from different perspectives. Perception is the
ability to see, hear or become aware of something through senses. It is the way
in which something is regarded understood or interpreted. Nzuve and Nduta 2014
opines that perception is our sensory experience of the world around us and
involves both the recognition of environmental stimuli and actions in response
to these stimuli. Motivation can be
reduced if the worker perceives a lack of opportunity for growth, a lack of
involvement or a lack of opportunities to demonstrate any creativity.Motivating
employees to complete their work correctly and on time is one of the major
tasks of management. Changing an employee’s perception of his place within a
company is sometimes an effective way of improving organizational behavior
constructively. Employees who perceive that they have a greater control over
their work lives will likely be more motivated to excel within the
organizational structure.(Kalisch, Lee &Rochman 2010).
Job satisfaction is the ability of the job
to meet employee’s needs and improve their job
performance. Job satisfaction is
another important variable in an employee’s expectation from work place,
Mitchell and Lasan (2011) described job satisfaction as the most important and
frequently studied attitude in the field of institutional behavior. It is so
important that its absence often leads to poor performance and reduced
institutional commitment, and lack of job satisfaction is a predictor of
quitting a job (Alexander, Lichtenstein &Hallnan 2011: Jamal, 2011).
Sometimes employees may quit their jobs from public to private sector and vice
versa due to lack of promotion and late payment of salaries (Akpan, 20011). So
job satisfaction can be motivated by the availability of recognition, promotion
opportunities, pay satisfaction, job enrichment, training and development
(Bolarin, 2011, Gemen, Xhenandex, Kasier, Paradisand Robinson, 2011). This study set out to
investigate the relationship between motivational variables and job
satisfaction as perceived by nurse and midwife educators in schools of Nursing
and midwifery in Akwa Ibom State.
Statement of
the Problem
PERCEIVED RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOTIVATIONAL VARIABLES AND JOB SATISFACTION AMONG NURSE AND MIDWIFE EDUCATORS IN AKWA IBOM STATE, NIGERIA
