MARINE POLLUTION IN SUB SAHARAN AFRICA: ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACTS TO SHIPPING OPERATIONS AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT

MARINE POLLUTION IN SUB SAHARAN AFRICA: ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACTS TO SHIPPING OPERATIONS AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT

ABSTRACT

The study examine effect of marine pollution in sub saharan africa: analysis of the impacts to shipping operations and marine environment, This study was undertaken majorly to assess the effect of marine pollution in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Specific objectives of the study are: To examine the effect of marine pollution in sub saharan africa on the community of living organisms in the Niger Delta of Nigeria, To ascertain whether there is any significant impact of marine environment in the Niger Delta of Nigeria.

Concerning methodology for this study, the major instrument used for this study is the questionnaire. The questionnaire was structured in a five-like scale measuring attitude of Strongly Agreed, Agreed, Undecided, Disagree and Strongly Disagreed.

The surveys research method was used for this study. The survey technique will also allow the researcher to examine several variables and use multi-variate statistics to analyze data. Out of the population of 100 persons in the state ministry of environment, 50 persons were selected using the simple random sampling (srs) technique. In analyzing the data collected for the purpose of carrying out this research, the statistical tool known as the Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPC) and the statistics were used. The use of sample percentage was also employed. Tables were used in presenting the data for the purpose of the simplicity and clarity.  The study has the following findings; marine pollution is hazardous to the environment. marine pollution has many effects on the community of living organisms in the Niger delta environment. There is a significant impact of marine pollution in the Niger Delta. marine pollution can be reduced in the Niger Delta.

The overall aim of this project is to quantify the effect of marine pollution on the community of living organisms in the Niger Delta, interpret findings, analyze implications, and convey high level results and implications to national decision-makers for sustainable and improved environment of the community of the Niger Deltas. This information should provide essential guidance for future control ofgas flares and its effect on the community been affected.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       i

Approval Page  –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       ii

Declaration      –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       iii

Dedication       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       iv

Acknowledgement    –       –       –       –       –       –       –       v

Abstract   –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       vi

Table of Contents     –       –       –       –       –       –       –       vii

CHAPTER ONE – INTRODUCTION

1.1   Background of the Study –       –       –       –       –

1.2   Statement of General Problem –       –       –       –

1.3   Objective of the Study      –       –       –       –       –       –

1.4   Research Questions –       –       –       –       –       –

1.5    Hypothesis   –      –      –      –      –      –      –        –        –

1.6   Significance of the Study –       –       –       –       –

1.7   Scope of the Study   –       –       –       –       –       –

1.8   Definition of Terms  –       –       –       –       –       –

CHAPTER TWO – REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1   Introduction     –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –

2.2   Theoretical Framework    –       –       –       –       –       –       –

2.3. Green House Gas Emissions      –     –       –       –       –       –

2.4. Power Plants     –       –       –       –       –       –       –         –    –

2.5. What is the Term Gas Flaring?    –    –       –       –       –       –

2.6. Origin of Gas Flaring         –       –       –       –       –       –

2.7. Culprits in Niger Delta Oil, Flares and Power Plants     –   –

2.8. Environmental and health impacts of Gas Flaring/Power Plants Emissions              –       –       –       –       –       –       –      –       –       –

2.9 Barriers to Gas Flaring Utilization      –      –       –       –       –

2.9. Environmental Management Theories    – –       –       –       –

CHAPTER THREE – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1   Introduction     –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –

3.2   Research Design      –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –

3.3   Area of the Study     –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –

3.4   Population of Study –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –

3.5   Sample size and Sampling Techniques    –       –       –       –       –

3.6   Instrument for Data Collection –       –       –       –       –       –

3.7   Validity of the Instrument        –       –       –       –       –       –       –

3.8   Reliability of the Instrument    –       –       –       –       –       –

3.9   Method of Data Collection       –       –       –       –       –       –       –

3.10 Method of Data Analysis  –       –       –       –       –       –       –

CHAPTER FOUR – DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

4.0   Introduction     –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –

4.1   Data Presentation and Analysis       –       –       –       –       –       –

4.2   Characteristics of the Respondents –       –       –       –       –

4.3   Data Analysis   –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –

4.4   Testing Hypothesis  –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –

4.5   Summary of Findings      –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –

4.6   Discussion of Findings    –       –       –       –       –       –       –

CHAPTER FIVE – SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.0   Introduction     –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –

5.1   Summary –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –

5.2   Conclusion      –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –

5.3   Recommendations   –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –

References –     –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –

Appendix –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• Background of the study               

Marine pollution occurs when harmful, or potentially harmful, effects result from the entry into the ocean of chemicals, particles, industrial, agricultural and residential waste, noise, or the spread of invasive organisms. Eighty percent of marine pollution comes from land. Air pollution is also a contributing factor by carrying off pesticides or dirt into the ocean. Land and air pollution have proven to be harmful to marine life and its habitats.

The pollution often comes from non point sources such as agricultural runoff, wind-blown debris and dust. Nutrient pollution, a form of water pollution, refers to contamination by excessive inputs of nutrients. It is a primary cause of eutrophication of surface waters, in which excess nutrients, usually nitrogen or phosphorus, stimulate algae growth.

MARINE POLLUTION IN SUB SAHARAN AFRICA: ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACTS TO SHIPPING OPERATIONS AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT