ABSTRACT
Aviation is a phenomenon which every country is conversant with. Since countries must interact with one another, and movement between countries is made by air, the maintenance of reliable aviation authorities is considered imperative. Hence, this study sets out to investigate the managerial problems of the Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority (NCAA – The regulatory body of the Nigerian Aviation Industry), and present a framework which can be adopted for a better management of the industry. It is therefore focused on a systems analysis of NCAA. The descriptive survey design was adopted for the study, whereby data were collected through the use of questionnaire and secondary sources such as textbooks, journals, newspapers and articles from NCAA. The proportional stratified sampling technique was used for the selection of respondents. Two hundred and fifty – six copies of the questionnaire were distributed. Based on two hundred and forty copies returned, data were analysed, using Chi – square and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at the 0.05 level of significance. Findings from the study reveal that there is a significant relationship between the integration among the component systems within NCAA and low performance. There is no relationship between the surveillance capacity of NCAA and low performance. Also revealed by the study is that the control system in NCAA has an adverse effect on its overall performance. Finally, the study showed that the available network of information is both inadequate and unreliable, thus making effective control a near illusion. Inadequate information, aggravated by poor radar coverage, has remained the main reason behind NCAA’s inability to maintain effective control of airlines and parastatals. The recommendations made for better performance include merging of airlines, undisputed adherence to the rules and regulations of the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) and the International Air Transport Association (IATA), provision of adequate radar coverage, and others.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page – – – – – – – – – i
Approval – – – – – – – – – ii
Certification
– – – – – – – – – iii
Dedication – – – – – – – – – iv
Acknowledgments
– – – – – – – – v
Abstract – – – – – – – – – vii
Table of Contents – – – – – – viii
List of
Tables – – – – – – – – xi
List of
Figures – – – – – – – – xii
Appendices – – – – – – – xiv
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
- Background of the Study – – – – – – 1
- Brief History of NCAA – – – – – 5
- Statement of Research Problem – – – – 7
- Objectives of the Study – – – – – 8
- Research Questions – – – – 8
- Hypotheses – – – – – – 9
- Scope of the Study – – – – – – 9
- Limitations of the Study – – – – 10
- Significance of the Study – – – – – 11
References – – – – – – – – 15
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
- Introduction – – – – – – – – 18
- Observed/Recorded Lapses in the Aviation Sector – 18
- Perceiving Aviation from a Systems Perspective – 29
2.3.1 Organizations as Systems – – – – – – 34
- The Concept of Management – – – – – 53
- Organizations as Open Systems – – – – – 61
- Characteristics of Open Systems – – – – – 68
- Organizations as Cybernetic Systems – – – – 69
- Situation Awareness in Aviation – – – – – 73
- Concept of a Cybernetic System – – – – – 75
- A Descriptive Analysis of NCAA – – – – – 77
- Control as a Feedback System – – – – – 81
- Bad Management – – – – – – – 83
- Symptoms of Bad Management – – – – – 84
- Causes of Bad Management in Nigerian Organizations – 84
- Solving Problems of Bad Management – – – – 87
References – – – – – – – – 89
CHAPTER THREE:
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction – – – – – – – – 98
3.1 Research Design – – – – – – – 98
3.2 Sources of Data – – – – – – – 99
3.2.1 Primary sources – – – – – – – 99
3.2.2 Secondary Sources – – – – – 100
3.3 Study Population – – – – – 100
3.4 Sample Size Determination – – – 101
3.5 Research Instruments – – – – 102
3.6 Sample Selection Method – – – – 102
3.7 Method of Data Analysis – – – – – 104
3.8 Validity and Reliability of Test Instruments – 104
References – – – – – – 106
CHAPTER FOUR:
PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA
- Introduction – – – – – – – – 107
- Presentation of Data – – – 107
- Responses of the Respondents – – 112
- Testing of Hypotheses – – – 145
CHAPTER FIVE:
DISCUSSIONS ON FINDINGS
- Introduction – – – – – – – – 157
- Relationship between Level of Integration among
Component
Parts
within NCAA and Low Performance – – – 157
- Relationship between the Surveillance Capacity of NCAA
and
Low
Performance – – – – – – – 158
- Relationship between NCAA’s Control Capacity and Low Performance – – – – – – – – 159
- Relationship between Control Problems and
Communication
within NCAA
– – – – – – – 161
References – – – – – – – – 164
CHAPTER SIX: SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION,
RECOMMENDATION
- Summary of Research – – – – – – 166
- Summary of Findings – – – 167
- Conclusion – – – – – – 167
- Contribution to Knowledge – – – 168
- Recommendations – – – – – 168
Bibliography – – – – – – – – 171
Appendix – – – – – – – – 182
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 Catalogue of Air Tragedies in Nigeria – – – – 27
Table 4.4.1 Contingency Table for Respondents’ Opinion
on the
Effectiveness of NCAA’s
Surveillance Capacity – 150
Table 4.4.3 Contingency Table for the Control and
Performance
Problem – – – – 153
Table
4.4.4. Revised Cross Classification
Table – – – 153
Table 4.4.5 Contingency Table for the Communication and
Control
Problem – – – – – 155
LIST OF FIGURES
Fig. 2.1 The Reason Model – – – – – – 19
Fig. 2.2 Organisational Indictors of Safety
Culture – – – 20
Fig. 2.3 Cynefin Framework of Contextual
Complexity – – 31
Fig. 2.4 The Onion Concept – –
– – – – 32
Fig. 2.5 Product Layout – – – 35
Fig. 2.6 Effect of Goal Difficulty on
Performance – – 40
Fig. 2.7 Intergroup Management Strategies – 42
Fig. 2.8 Types of Business Environment – – – – 46
Fig. 2.9 The Direct – Action and Indirect –
Action Environments
of an Organization – – – – – – 47
Fig. 2.10 Management as a Process – – – – – 54
Fig. 2.11 The Basic Elements of a System – – – – 62
Fig. 2.12 Open Systems View of Organizations – – – 65
Fig. 2.13 Threat Matrix – – – – – – 67
Fig. 2.14 Abstract Model of a Cybernetic System – – – 69
Fig. 2.15 Relationship between Information and Entropy – 72
Fig. 2.16 An Abstract Model of a Cybernetic
System – – 76
Fig. 2.17 Model of NCAA as a Cybernetic System – – 77
Fig. 2.18 Feedback Loop
of Management Control – – – 81
Fig. 2.19 Simple Feedback – – – – – – 82
Fig. 4.1 Survey Result from Table 4.2.2 – – 109
Fig. 4.2 Survey Result from Table 4.2.3 – – 110
Fig. 4.3 Survey Result from Table 4.3.7 – 117
Fig. 4.4 Survey Result from Table 4.3.10 – – 119
Fig. 4.5 Survey Result from Table 4.3.11 – – 121
Fig. 4.6 Regions of Rejection and Non
Rejection for the Analysis
of Variance at the 5% Level of Significance with 3 and 24
Degree of Freedom – – – – – – 147
Fig. 4.7 Determination of the Critical Value
of Chi-Square at the
.05 Level of Significance with Degrees of Freedom – 149
Fig. 4.8 Determination of the Acceptance and
Rejection Regions
for Chi-square at the 0.05 Level of Significance with 12
Degrees of Freedom – – – – – 152
Fig. 4.9 Determination of the Critical Value
of Chi-square at the
.05 Level of Significance with 3 Degrees of Freedom – 155
APPENDICES
Appendix 1: University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus – 182
Appendix 2: Calculation of the Coefficient of Correlation
to Determine
the Validity of Instrument — – – – – &
