ABSTRACT
This project focuses on investigation into the causes and Remedial measures of pavement failure at Ganmon-Afon road Kwara State.
The measuring of pavement and types of pavement. Types of pavement failures causes of pavement were studied and possible solution were provided. Form the investigation causes of pavement failure were identified as ranging from. Use of substandard materials. Inadequate compaction. Poor material strength due to the presence of refuse particle in the materials used. Poor maintenance improper drainage and improper chamber of the road. Some major are pothole, defects observed on the roads are cracking reveling rutting, blast erosion edge deterioration and drainage blockage. The soil samples were collected from three deferent portion of the road. The photographs of failed section were taken. Those problems can be ratified by not compromising standard of work during construction proper maintenance practices from time to and high quality control measure during construction and rehabilitation.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page i
Certification ii
Declaration iii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgement v
Abstract vi
Table of content vii
CHAPTER ONE
- Introduction 1
- Aims and objective 3
- Scope and objective 3
- Justification 4
- Research methodology 5
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review 6
2.1 Failure Of Pavement and
their 7
2.1.1 Structural failure 7
2.1.2 Function failure 8
2.2.2 Factor to be considered in the construction of Road 10
2.2.3 Geological Factor (design) 10
2.2.2 Geotechnical Factor 11
2.2.3 Usage factor 12
2.3 Common form of pavement 13
2.3.1 Potholes 13
2.3.2 Wheel ruthing 14
2.3.3 Cracking 15
2.3.4 revealing (pitting) 16
2.3.5 Blast erosion 17
2.3.6 Distortion and wave 18
2.3.7 Peeling 18
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Methodology 19
3.1 Reconnance survey of Ganmo- Afon Road 20
3.2 Various Types of Pavement Failure on Ganmo- Afon Road 21
3.3 collection of Samples for Laboratory Test 26
3.3.1 Laboratory Test and Procedures 26
3.3.2 Compaction Test 27
3.4 California Bearing Ration (CBT) Test 33
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Analysis and Discussion of Results 37
4.1 Types and Causes of Pavement Failure on Ganmo- Afon 37
Roads
4.2 Subgrade Materials 38
4.3 Relative Compaction 38
4.4 California Bearing Ratio (CBT) 39
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Conclusion and Recommendation 39
5.1 conclusions 39
5.2 Recommendation 39
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Transportation
is the movement of people and goods from one part or place to another. So road
transportation is one of the most efficient means of transportation all over
the world.
The efficiency and convenience of transportation of goods
and passengers are determined by function of road pavement our daily activities
required the movement from one location to another either by one mode of
transportation or by combining at different modes of transportation.
According to Oguara (2010) roads represent the major areas
at investment in transportation and are the most dominant travel mode
accounting for over 90% of passengers and goods transport in Nigeria road one
of the main problems of road work in Nigeria is the lack of adequate
information data on the state of Nigerian roads Ette (2010) states that there
was a road not work study that commissioned in 1998/1999. This study cover all
inter-urban road which had a traffic of move than 30 vehicle day and a total
length of around 53. 00km
So the way of placing the pavement on the road networks
also contribute to the social economic growth and to the development of the
communities. Pavements take an important part in over all towns and countries
planning.
Highway engineers have always
been trying their best to design construct and maintain high way in Nigeria and
beyond but upon all their best and technical know how, the roads are still
failing and accommodation series of defect as the days goes by it’s high time
to see into the causes and effects these road failures and their result on the
uses also the life span at the road so as to fulfill its intending purpose.
Highway
maintenance purposely keep pavement in a satisfactory condition so as not to
obstruct the traffic flow on the road maintenance of asphalt pavement is
referred to as a set of organized activities that carried out in order to keep
pavement in its best operational condition with minimum cost required.
Roads is
constructed without any scientific basis will require elaborate maintenance but
if they are constructed adopting all the scientific fundamentals even then they
require maintenance but to the lesser degree.
This
project is to focus on investigation of pavement failure and their remedial
measure on Ganmo- Afon road and possible solution would be provided to correct
those failure it will also explain what highway pavement will be included.
Ganmo Road designation are classified
into four groups which are:
- Express Road: These are international roads linking other
neighboring countries and inter-states linking man political and commercial
centre will high volume capacity for example Lagos to Ibadan express way.
- Truck Road: These are roads in the
purposely for heavy traffic charring route between political and economic
cities example are Ogbomosho to Ilorin road.
- Principal road: These
are major roads in the state link important political and industrial together
for example Maraba to Kwara State Polytechnic Road.
- Non Principal Road: These
are collection road in both urban and rural areas which link important town in
local Government area together. Therefore road as a matter of fact must be
given an adequate attention to both its design and construction stage in order
to accord its engineering purposes.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM
One of the main problems of road work in Nigeria is the lack of adequate information data on the Nigeria roads e.g Natural conditions, traffic conditions, and construction materials are the main causes of soft spots on the earth road edge damage of bituminous pavement, culvert slide down slide ditch erosion, side drain deposition e.t.c.
INVESTIGATION INTO THE CAUSES AND REMEDIAL MEASURES OF PAVEMENT FAILURE CASE STUDY OF GANMO-AFON ROAD KWRA STATE
