ABSTRACT
This
study investigated the extent of library utilization by students of veterinary
medicine in two federal universities in south east geopolitical zone of
Nigeria. Five research questions were formulated to guide the study. The
population of the study was 1250 undergraduates students of veterinary medicine
but 20% of the population participated in the study. The instruments for data
collection were questionnaire and observation checklist. 250 copies of the questionnaire were
distributed to the students, out of which 246 copies were returned, representing
98.4% of the copies distributed, which is a response rate. To analyze the data,
descriptive statistics were employed which includes percentages and mean to answer
the research questions. The result obtained from the findings revealed that: Micheal
Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike and University of Nigeria, Nsukka has
the same information resources as veterinary medicine students. Library services
in both institutions under study are inadequate resulting in student’s apathy
to the library. The study shows inadequate utilization of library by students
of veterinary medicine and some information materials are dated in the library,
such that students also find it difficult to know when new materials are
acquired in both libraries, possible suggestions on improvement were made: provision
of relevant and current information resources. Provision of internet
services/facilities is the libraries, Current Awareness Services and employment
of more staff to help students locate materials in the library. Conclusion and
recommendations were made based on the findings of the study.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
Page
Title Page – – – – – – i
Approval Page – – – – – – – ii
Certificate Page – – – – – – iii
Dedication – – – – – – – iv
Acknowledgement – – – – – – – v
Abstract – – – – – – – – vi
List of Tables – – – – – – – vii
List of figures – – – – – – – viii
Table of Contents – – – – – – – xi
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
Background of Study – – – – – – – 1
Statement of the Problem- – – – – – 5
Purpose of the Study – – – – – – 6
Research Questions – – – – – – – 7
Significance of the Study – – – – – – 7
Scope of Study – – – – – – – – 8
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Conceptual Framework – – – – – 9
Review of Empirical Studies – – – – – – 28
Summary of the Literature Review – – – 30
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHOD
Research Design – – – – – – 32
Area of the Study – – – – – – – 32
Population of the Study – – – – – 33
Sample and Sampling Technique – – – 33
Instrument for Data collection – – – – – 34
Validation of the Instrument – – – 35
Method of Data Collection – – – – 35
Method of Data Analysis – – – – – 36
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
Research Question 1 – – – – 40
Research Question 2 – – – – – – 41
Research Question 3 – – – – – – 42
Research Question 4 – – – – – – 43
Research Question 5 – – – – – 44
Summary of finding the Study- – – – – 44
CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION,
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Discussion of Findings – – – – – – 46
Conclusion – – – – – – – – 49
Implication of the Study – – – – – 49
Recommendations – – – – – – 50
Suggestion for Further Research – – 51
Limitations of the Study – – – – 51
REFERENCES – – – – – – – 52
APPENDIX A: QUESTIONNAIRE – – – – 59
APPENDIX B: SPSS 16.0 ANALYSIS RESULT – – 60
LIST
OF TABLES
Tables Pages
- Population distribution of undergraduates of veterinary medicine students – – – – – 33
- Distribution and return rate of instruments – – 38
- Distribution of students according to Year of Study 39
- Mean responses on extent of requirement of the following information resources by veterinary medicine students 41
- Services rendered by the acadenic libraries to veterinary medicine students – – – – – 42
- Extent of library utilization by veterinary medicine students 43
- Mean responses of the problems of utilization of libraries by students of veterinary medicine 43
- Measures that can be adopted to improve the utilization of academic libraries – – – – – 44
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the study
Libraries play a central role in the
academic work of students and faculty at colleges and universities. As a
result, college and university libraries are often considered the most
important centre of information in an institution of higher learning. Library
services and facilities can be used among parameters for measuring capacities
and sophistication of research in any tertiary institution (Gooch, 1994). They
also act as pathfinders for research and provide the inspiration needed to
venture into new areas (Leckie, Pelligrew and Sylvian 1996). Students and
faculties in colleges and universities often conduct research in diverse
academic disciplines, so they need the collections of academic libraries that
reflect the vast range of their interest. University libraries have the primary
responsibility to provide adequate facilities, services and collections to
support the universities instructional programmes and faculty needs for
research pursuit (Elogie, 2007).
University libraries are vital
especially to veterinary students’ education because they provide information
storage and retrieval. They make books, films, recordings, maps and other media
of knowledge available to these students in an organized manner. To this end
(Aguolu, and Aguolu 2002:366), describes university libraries as the heart beat
of any institution. These institutions include universities, monotechnics, polytechnics
and colleges of education etc. An academic library can also be a research
library since it has as one of its objectives, the provision of materials in
support of post-graduate, faculty, external and collaborative researches.
Academic libraries extend their services beyond just making materials available
to students. They offer other assistance to users such as reference services,
Current Awareness Services (CAS), reprographic services, Selective
Dissemination of Information (SDI), document delivery, inter-library loan
services and others.
Today, veterinary professionals are
educated in universities that grant Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degrees
(DVM). Veterinary medicine is generally taught during six years of instruction.
Post-doctoral education via internships and residencies may then be elected. Veterinary
students are likely to be the most visible group frequenting the library
facility during the regular school year, especially the first and second year
students who are laden with class work, reading assignments, group projects and
exams. As the emphasis shifts to clinical medicine in their third and fourth
years of their curriculum, students spend more time in the clinics and less in
the traditional classroom setting and the library. With the explosion of
medical knowledge and technology in the health fields, the need for access to
information by health professionals including veterinarians has increased. For
this reason, (Thomson, 2004) notes that veterinary
students need to understand how to access and use information in libraries that
would aid in their understanding of their chosen career. Instruction
begins with the pre-clinical sciences, such as physiology and pharmacology,
public health, which are then followed by the clinical sciences where a more
problem oriented approach is taken as case work which is integrated into the
curriculum. In recent years, evidence-based medicine has made its debut into
some veterinary instruction programs, thus enhancing the exposure of those
students to the role of information resources and services.
Veterinary
medicine is evolved with the profession to try to answer its information needs
in all of its capacities. While this evolution is sparsely documented in many
cases, when found, documentation relates an array of dispersed veterinary
collections, the struggle to find common space for materials, and the
appropriate expertise to manage them become a problem to researchers. Veterinarians
perform duties in animal welfare, medical research; food safety and clinical
practice as they protect animal health and promote public health. These are
some of the primary obligations of the veterinary profession to society. This
calls for the need for the students to use the library services earlier
mentioned. (Dunlop, 1995) is especially noteworthy for his extensive
description of the earliest veterinary literature, from the Egyptian Kahun
papyrus, dating to about 1900 BC. The Chinese are credited with much of the
early activity now known as veterinary medicine, related to care of military
horses, as early as 581 AD.
The
Veterinary Medicine library is established to serve the society through the
provision of study and research materials that prepare students for the
practice of veterinary medicine, veterinary public health and/or veterinary
research in an educational program. Through library service and facilities,
instruction and clinical opportunities are provided in a wide variety of
domestic species, including food animal, equine and companion animals. The
college sustains a vibrant, diverse faculty by encouraging advancement through
personal and professional development and research. Academic libraries create
an environment of competent, caring, ethical professionals, where cooperative
learning, public service, and scholarship can flourish in an arena of
excellence. According to (Bigland, 1990), more and more emphasis was
being placed on the library as a source of information; learning and research,
particularly in the veterinary colleges of the United States where research
programmes were expanding.
The
Veterinary Medicine students have more need for the library and its services,
because it helps the students, do an indepth study of the course work which
practical work. They include a statement
of need for the library’s collection in support of programmes at the veterinary
medical institution (including the need for inter-library cooperation), and for
the services that will be necessary for these programmes. Veterinary librarians
typically rely on a wide variety of selection aids, from conventional approval
plans to book reviews and adverts to recommendations from users. While there
are steady amounts of academic biomedical/ life science/ zoology/agricultural
titles coming into the market from major publishers, the veterinary bibliographer
with a modest budget needs to sift through these carefully and choose only
those most appropriate for the veterinary library’s collection.
Libraries are very important
to students of veterinary medicine, because of the peculiar nature of their
study. According to (Jennifer Wells 1995) states that, “the effectiveness
of libraries has often been measured by the volume of library materials
available to clients, the amount of use of services and resources, and the
apparent or quantified satisfaction of clients.”A broad definition of
veterinary collections includes all materials that are obtained and managed by
a library that serves a veterinary medic. In other words, all materials of
interest and use to the students, faculty, staff and researchers of a
particular veterinary college, and programmes at the university; veterinary
practitioners, clinics, researchers, and those individuals who own or are
interested in the care, health and diseases of pets and animals. This broader
definition fully serves the curricular and research needs of veterinary schools
and goes beyond those needs to serve other user groups outside the college.
Subject-wise, in addition to the veterinary sciences, it encompasses human and
comparative medicine; animal science (livestock and poultry production);
zoology; the human-animal relationship; animal welfare and animal rights;
managing a veterinary practice; or whatever additional topics may be needed or
wanted by the full range of users of a specific veterinary library. At the
popular level that may include books on pet care, dog and cat breeds, and
raising horses, livestock and poultry and many other topics.
Today in
Nigeria, veterinary medical libraries provide services and collections that
support primarily teaching, clinical applications and research at colleges of
veterinary medicine. They also serve students, faculty and staff of other
academic subject disciplines on campus that interact with veterinary medicine.
They support the bibliographic needs of state and federal diagnostic
laboratories, federal research laboratories, agricultural experiment stations
and independent veterinary practitioners. The last group has been a
particularly problematic one since this group has information needs that span
all veterinary subspecialties while often practicing in areas remote to
veterinary libraries.
Universities act as the bedrock of each discipline found in these universities. These universities play a very big role in the life line of students especially veterinary medicine students. In the south-east there are only two universities that offer veterinary medicine as a course there are: one conventional, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu state and Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia state, this institution serves as a second generation university and a specialized one also, because it is an agricultural based institution as its name implies.
EXTENT OF LIBRARY UTILIZATION BY STUDENTS OF VETERINARY MEDICINE IN FEDERAL UNIVERSITIES IN THE SOUTH-EAST NIGERIA
