EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF ANTHROPOENIC ACTIVITIES AND DOMESTIC WASTE ON SURFACE WATER QUALITY (A CASE STUDY OF EKULU RIVER, ENUGU)

EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF ANTHROPOENIC ACTIVITIES AND DOMESTIC WASTE ON SURFACE WATER QUALITY (A CASE STUDY OF EKULU RIVER, ENUGU)

Abstract

The microbiological and organic pollutants characteristics of umuosoko stream in ikwuano local government area, Enugu state, Nigeria were carried out. Twenty water samples were collected from four different parts of the river. The pour plate technique was employed for the isolation of micro-organisms. Colonial morphology, Gram staining and biochemical tests were used for identification and characterization. The statistical analyses used were analysis of variance and standard deviation. The mean total aerobic plate count ranged from 5.30 ± 0.01log10cfu/ml to 5.90 ± 3.0

Log10cfu/ml while the mean coliform count was 5.0 ± 0.50 mpn/100ml to 20.0 ± 4.0 mpn/100ml. The salmonella and shigella and vibrio cholerae mean counts were 0 ± 0.00 log10cfu/ml respectively. The mean fungal count ranged from 2.45 ± 0.02 log10cfu/ml to 2.77 ± 0.20 log10cfu/ml. The microorganisms isolated were escherichia coli, enterobacter species, staphylococcus aureus, proteus species, streptococcus species, bacillus species, pseudomonas aeruginosa, lactobacillus species, saccharomyces species; kluyveromyces ranges species and aspergillus species.

The values of the organic pollutants tested were as follows: ph, 6 to 9, temperature, 29oc to 31oc, colour, and 6tcu to 7tcu, conductivity, 200μs/cm to 330μs/cm, turbidity, 0.01ntu to 0.1ntu, total hardness, 0.2mg/l to 0.4mg/l, total dissolved solid, 360 mg/l to 620mg/l, total suspended solid, 40mg/l to 120mg/l, dissolved oxygen, 4.0mg/l to 5.5mg/l, biochemical oxygen demand, 2.8mg/l – 3.8mg/l, salinity, 0.1ppt to 0.3ppt, nitrate, 21 mg/l to 103mg/l, phosphate, 0.67mg/l to 1.52mg/l, sulphate, 200mg/l to 260mg/l, was unobjectionable. The microbiological and nitrate results showed that the river water is contaminated and must be treated before consumption.

Table of Contents

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

1.2 Objectives of the study

1.3 Justification of the study

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Eutrophication

2.2 Sources of water pollution

2.2.1 Point source pollution

2.3 Waste water

2.3.1 Physical, chemical and biological properties of waste water.

2.4 Effect of domestic waste on water.

2.4.1 Pollution impacts of agricultural waste on water

2.5 Safe drinking water act

2.6 Portable

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.1 Area of the study

3.2 Materials used (Coliform)

3.2.2 Nitrate

3.2.3 Dissolved oxygen

3.3 Method of convection of sample

3.3.1 Chemical reagents

3.3.2 Enumeration of total heterophic bacteria and fungi

3.3.3 Enumeration of total Caliform

3.3.4 Characterization and identification of fungal isolates and bacterial isolates

3.4 Physiochemical parameters

3.4.1 PH testing procedures

3.4.2 Nitrate testing procedures

3.4.3 Dissolved oxygen testing

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Results

4.2 Discussion

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION

5.1 Recommendation

5.2 Conclusion

References

EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF ANTHROPOENIC ACTIVITIES AND DOMESTIC WASTE ON SURFACE WATER QUALITY (A CASE STUDY OF EKULU RIVER, ENUGU)