EVALUATION OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN NIGERIA

EVALUATION OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN NIGERIA

CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
Concept of Guidance and Counseling Various authors have used the term “guidance” and “counseling” either to the mean differently things or to mean the same thing. Due to this, many texts use the term interchangeable. However, the general consensus amongst professionals in that guidance is an umbrella names for all the helping services. To a layperson, guidance simply means to guide or direct some one toward a certain goal but to the professional guidance counselor, it involves a much deeper meaning (Oladele, 1987). Guidance Ipaye (1983) sees guidance as an umbrella term which covers all the means whereby an institution identifies and responds to the individual needs of students, thereby helping the individual to develop his/her maximum potentials. Durojaiye (1972) view guidance as a complex process that encompasses the total needs of the individual student to be directed or guided. The, he said is available to the individual’s educational, emotional, vocational, health, social and physical needs as well as the individuals preparation for a suitable occupation or career. Various authors, collectively view guidance as:
A concept (mental image) which connotes the utilization of a view to help an individual.
An educational construct (intellectual synthesis) refers to the provision of experiences that helps students understand themselves. A service (action taken to meet a demand) involves the processes organized to achieve a helping situation.(Idowu, 1998) Guidance is perceived as a process because it involves a series of actions or steps progressively moving towards a goal. Help entails assisting to reduce human difficulties, “individuals” refers to students in a school setting or client, in a non – school setting. Understanding of self and world menas coming to known who they are as individuals, becomes aware of their personal identity, perceive clearly the nature of their person and the person and the people with whom they interact. As individuals, they should be able to know what opportunities are open for them in their world. The assumption is that individuals who understand themselves and their world will become more effective, more productive and happier human beings (Adams, 1998) through guidance individual achieve greater awareness not only of who they are but also of who they can become.

EVALUATION OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN NIGERIA