EFFECT OF INFLATION ON SAVING AND ECONOMIC GROWTH OF NIGERIA

ABSTRACT

In view of the topic of this project which says “the effect of inflation on savings and economic growth in Nigeria”. I the research carried out this study using regression analysis. Based on the findings of the research work, it was found that inflation have an impact on savings. It was also noticed that inflation has no impact on the economic growth of Nigeria. Finally, with these observations effort will be made on the management of inflation to at least remain as a single digit to improve our savings status so as to encourage investment which will lead to economic growth.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      i

Approval page –      –      –      –      –      –      –      –      ii

Dedication      –      –      —    –      –      –      –      –      iii

Acknowledgement  –      –      –      –      –      –      –      iv

Abstract  –      –      –      –      –      –      —    –      –      v

Table of content     –      –      –      —    –      –      –      vi

CHAPTER ONE

1.1  Background of the study –      –      –      –      –

1.2  Statement of problem    –      –      –      –      –

1.3  Objective of the study    –      –      –      –      –

1.4  Research Questions –      –      –      –      –      –

1.5   Significance of study –   –      –      –      –      –

1.6  Scope of the study –      –      –      –      –      –

1.7  Limitations of the study –      –      –      –      –     

1.8  Definition of Terms –      –      –      –      –      –

CHAPTER TWO

2.1  Literature review    –      –      –      –      –      –

2.2  Theories of inflation –     –      –      –      –      –

2.2.1 Demand pull theory      –      –      –      –      –

2.2.2 Cost push theories of inflation     –      –      –

2.2.3 Imported inflation theories – –      –      –      –

2.2.4  The accelerations theory of inflation   –      –

2.2.5  The monetary theory of inflation –      –      –

2.2.6  The structural rigidity theory      –      –      –      –     

2.2.7  Review of growth theories   –      –      –      –     

2.2.8  The classical growth theory –      –      –      –

2.2.9  The  Harrow – Doman Growth theory  –      –      –     

2.2.10 The Neo –classical growth theory      –      –      –

2.3  Empirical review of the effect of inflation on saving and growth.

2.4  Evaluation of inflation and economic growth in Nigeria

CHAPTER THREE

3.0  RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY                    

3.1 Introduction of the study        –      –      –      –                  

3.2 Research design       –      –      –      –      –                  

3.3 Sources and methods of data collection –                          

3.4 Population of study         –      –      –      –      –      –                  

3.5 Instrument for data collection –      –      –                  

3.6 Validity of the instrument –      –      –      –                  

3.7 Method of data collection –      –      –      –     

3.8  Method of data analysis  —    –      –      –                   

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA       –                    

4.1 Introduction     –      –      –      –      –      –                   

4.2 Presentation of data –      –      –      –      –                  

4.3 Analysis of data-      –      –      –      –      –                  

4.4 Research  Findings   —    —    –      –      –                  

CHAPTER FIVE

• Summary of findings      –      –      –      –      –
  • Conclusion      –      –      –      –      –      –      –
  • Implication and recommendations –      –      –
  • Suggestion for further research     –      –      –
  • Limitation of study –      –      –      –      –      –

CHAPTER ONE

1. INTRODUCTION

One of the constant face by rural women economic advancement in Nigeria has been  blamed by a school of thought on the inability of Nigeria women’s to embrace co-operative way of doing business Helm (2011), this is because co-operatives are of the most effective vehicles for organizing rural production.

The paper aims to analyze the effectiveness on the contribution of women co-operative to women access to credit as a method of advancing the development of women in Nigeria gender analysis it unitized to explain the disadvantage and marginalization of women in the co-operative. It is noted that Nigeria women access to credit receptive  to co-operatives, which are made attractive to them by engaging in topics pertinent to women’s development such as access to credit, training economic, health and  education activity and advancement of women’s participation  in the co-operative movement. Cooperatives are  not only the most suitable organization and frame work for accelerated rural development but they are veritable instruments for assisting women in the  achievement of increase output of farm products for  instance, in the procurement of farms inputs like fertilizers, improved seeds and seedling , credit as well as in the product storage and marketing, continently measured as the percentage rate of increase in real gross domestic produce and it is usually calculated in real terms, i. e inflation adjusted terms in order to net out the effect of inflation on price of goods and services produced.

       Barro and Grilli (1994), posit that mainstream economists believe that high rates of inflation are caused by high rates of growth of the money supply. They are of the view that changes in inflation are sometimes attributed to fluctuations in real demand for good and services or in available supplies (i.e. changes in scarcity), and sometimes to change in the supply and demand for money.

       In Nigeria, one of the major problem facing the economy is inflation, the country registered low inflation in the years immediately after independence. However, the country experienced double digit inflation rate in the 1970s. this was mainly as a result of civil war. Other era of high inflation was 1984, 1988,1992 and 1995.

       Various macro-economic policies notably fiscal, monetary and exchange rate had from time to time been adopted to address this problem of inflation.

Unfortunately, these measures have met with little or no success and this has hindered the achievement of other macro-economic objectives such as economic growth, increase in employment, satisfactory balance of payments and equitable income distribution.

       It is in this light that this study is devoted to identify the impact and the rate of inflation that is acceptable to achieve economic growth.

1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

     The beginning of inflation in Nigeria can be said to be a direct result of the polices of the country’s government to stimulate a fast rate of economic growth and development since 1951 when ministerial government was introduced.

       Inflationary trend since independence shows two distinctive periods in terms of digital analysis. Until 1969 the growth rate of inflation was in one unit with the highest being about 9% in 1966 and even negative growth rate was recorded in 1966, 1997 and 1998. since 1999, the inflationary growth has become two digits, except in 1972, 1973 and of the 1975 recorded 33.7% indicating the effect salary Awards in the fale of inadequate supply of commodities. It was 11.4% in 2008, 21% in 2009, 40.9 in 2010, inflation ha continued recently to as its effects penetrate more deeply into the nation’s life. It has become something of a platitude to say sharp, continuous increase in prices are among the most serious economic problems of our time.

       One of the fundamental objectives of macro-economic policies in both developed and developing economic is to sustain high economic both together with low level of inflation. This is because a high level inflation disrupts the smooth operation of a market economy Krugman 2011.

       At the individual level, inflation exerts a heavy toll on those with bed income. It relatively favours debtors at the expense of creditors. At the firm level, the effect of inflation is called the “menu cost” Rotenberg (1996), Naish (1997), Dmaziger (1998) Valdovinoz (1999) because it affects output when firms have to insure costs as they adjust to the new price level. I.e. (changing their price cost for customers).

       In recent times, Inflation was moved from being a wartime phenomena and has established itself firmly on the economic arena of the world and its impact on the key macro economic variable cannot be over emphasized. According to the international monetary fund (IMF). The most complex and serious set of economic problems to carryout national government and international community since the end of world war II consist of virulent and wide spread inflation, a declaration of economic growth and a massive disequilibrium of international payment and according to fried man, one of the most though provoking aspects of inflationary phenomena is that it is found in all societies at every of economic development, under every variety of government and within all kinds political economic and social ideologies.

       Generally, inflation can be defined as a continuous and persistent in the general price level of goods and services.

       Inflation is frequently described as a state where too much money is chasing too few goods when there is inflation, the currency loose purchasing power. In the definition of inflation, two key words must be born in mind. First is aggregate or forward which implies that the rise in price that constitutes inflation must cover the entire basket in the economy as distinct from an isolated rise in the price of a single commodity or group of commodities.

       The implication here is that changing in the individual prices or any combination of this price cannot be considered as the occurrences of inflation

       Inflation generally has an  adverse effect on savings which takes the form of accumulated financial assets the willingness of individual and business to hold an increasing quantity of money is influenced to a large event by their aspect regarding future price levels inflation therefore has an adverse effect on saving and is such tends to have a damping effect on the economy.

1. STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

   Central banks, government and the world over are observed about inflation and therefore devoted a significant amount of resources as disposal to fight inflation. Hence, the primary objective of monetary policy is to ensure price stability the focus on price stability derives from the overwhelming empirical evidence that it is only in the midst of price stability that sustainable growth can be achieved price stability does not can note constant or unchanging price level but it simply means that the rate of change of the agents do not worry about it.