DESIGN OF FUZZY KNOWLEDGE BASED EXPERT MODEL FOR DIAGNOSIS OF CAMPYLOBACTER INFECTION CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover page—————————————————————————————-
Title page —————————————————————————————– ii
Certification ———————————————————————————- iii
Approval ————————————————————————————– iv
Dedication ————————————————————————————- v
Statement of Originality ——————————————————————— vi
Acknowledgment —————————————————————————- vii
Table of content —————————————————————————— viii
Abstract —————————————————————————————- x
CHAPTER ONE
Background of the study —————————————————————- 1
Statement of the problem ————————————————————- 3
Aims and objective of the study —————————————————— 4
Significance of the study ————————————————————– 4
Scope of the study ——————————————————————— 5
Methodology ————————————————————————— 5
CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Artificial Intelligence ———————————————————————— 7
2.2 Expert systems ——————————————————————————- 7
2.3 Related works ——————————————————————————— 10

CHAPTER THREE SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
3.1 Existing system —————————————————————————- 13
3.2 Proposed system ————————————————————————– 15
3.3 Research Methodology ——————————————————————- 15
3.4 System Design —————————————————————————— 16
3.4.1 Algorithm of the fuzzy expert system for diagnosis of campylocter infection — 17
CHAPTER FOUR IMPLEMENTATION
4.1 Implementation tool ——————————————————————— 20
4.2 System Requirement ——————————————————————– 20
4.3 Testing and Results ——————————————————————— 21
4.4 User Interface —————————————————————————— 22
4.5 System Evaluation———————————————————————— 23

CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
5.1 Conclusion ——————————————————————— 24
5.3 Future work —————————————————————————- 24
References ———————————————————————————– 25
Appendix (Source Code of the program) —————————————————– 27

ABSTRACT
Campylobacter is Gram-negative, microaerophilic bacteria which are worldwide in distribution, causing a zoonotic disease in humans called campylobacteriosis. These infections are mainly caused by eating contaminated food products, most often improperly prepared poultry meat. Campylobacteriosis usually takes the form of gastroenteritis, or inflammation of the intestines, and the characteristic symptoms are watery-mucous diarrhea often with the presence of blood in stool, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and fever. Campylobacter infections in children under the age of 2 years are especially frequent, sometimes resulting in death.
Thus the need for quick diagnosis of the bacteria infection, however the microbiological diagnosis of this infection usually take not less than 24 hours to culture the organisms for proper identification. This study proposed a fuzzy knowledge based expert model for diagnosis of campylobacter infection. The proposed system is rules based, which is a specific type of knowledge base of campylobacter infection symptoms to create an inference engine which infers information or takes action based on the interaction of input (user symptoms) and the rule base. The proposed model was trained and tested using a hypothetically generated datasets. The result of the proposed model was satisfactory.

CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Medical diagnosis process determines which disease or condition explains a person’s symptoms and signs. This result is important for a person to get an early warning to treat the disease. Medical diagnosis can be performed with the help of medical experts in healthcare institutions. Practically, people undertake medical diagnosis in any healthcare centre with human specialist. However, it is troublesome for some group of people to undergo specific medical diagnosis due to time constraint, medical check-up fees, or personal attitude in refusing regular medical check-up. Nevertheless, monitoring healthcare status is vital for everybody.
Campylobacter jejuni is a leading food borne pathogen. It is a fragile microaerophilie but widely distributed in the natural environment.Campylobacter infection is characterized by diarrhea (frequently bloody), abdominal pain, fever, and occasionally nausea and vomiting. More severe illness can occur, including dehydration, bloodstream infection, and symptoms mimicking acute appendicitis or ulcerative colitis.Campylobacter is a gram-negative, microaerophilic genus of bacteria of the family Campylobacteriacae. There are more than 20 species of Campylobacter, not all of which cause human illness. Approximately 90% of human illness is caused by one species, Campylobacter jejuni.Lesscommon species, such as C. coli, C. upsaliensis, C. fetus and C. lari, also cause infection.Campylobacter jejuni grows best at 37°C to 42°C, the approximate body temperature of a bird (41°C to 42°C), and seems to be well-adapted to birds, which carry the bacteria without becoming ill. These bacteria are fragile. They cannot tolerate drying. Freezing reduces the number of Campylobacterbacteriaon raw meat.
Most cases of Campylobacter infection occur after someone eats raw or undercooked poultry or eats another food that has been contaminated by raw or undercooked poultry. Outbreaks of Campylobacter infection are infrequently reported relative to the number of illnesses. Outbreaks have been associated with unpasteurized dairy products, contaminated water, poultry, and produce. People also can get infected from contact with the feces of a dog or cat. Person-to-person spread of Campylobacter is uncommon.
The interaction between doctors and software developer and computer engineers had opened the unprecedented opportunities in the field of artificial intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is defined as brainpower exhibited by an artificial unit. It is a division of computer science dealing with sharp behavior, knowledge. Research in artificial intelligence is anxious with producing machines to computerize jobs requiring sharp actions. Examples include capability to answer diagnostic and user question, speech and facial recognition (Roventa and Rosu 2009).