ABSTRACT
The robot control using an RF module is simply a robotic system whose control and functioning is achieved by the use of a radio frequency based remote. This project implements the principle of artificial intelligence to develop a mobile robot that is controlled using the hand held remote device controlled from a distance away from the robots position. The project is implemented with 8051 microcontroller which forms the heart of the project. The microcontroller controls both the remote control and the robot controlled in the project. The 8051 microcontroller is used to make all the necessary calculations that are required for the operation of the robot.
The robot also consists of the RF module which is simply a radio frequency transmitter and a receiver pair which has the ability to support digital operations. The system comprises of the transmitter unit and the receiver unit. The transmitter is implemented on the hand held control unit (remote) of the project which is used to send the control signals required for the directional control of the robot while the receiver decodes the transmitted message and uses the signal to control the operation of the robot.
The project also consists of the LCD (liquid crystal display) unit which is used to display all necessary information required for the operation of the project. In the operation of the project, the user simply selects the direction he requires the toy car shaped robot to run and this is transmitted to the receiver which in turn decodes the massage and uses the information to control the robot to the desired direction.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Objective of the study
1.3 Significance of the study
1.4 Scope of the study
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature review
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Historical Review of Robots
2.3 Review of Related Project Works
2 Embedded System
2.5 Description of the Project
2.6 Modification from Other Designs
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Design and construction
3.1 Acquisition of Research Materials
3.2 Project Design
3.2.1 The power supply unit
3.2.2 The Rectification
3.2.3 The Filtration
3.2.4 The Voltage regulation Unit
3.2.5 The MCU oscillation input unit
3.2.6 Finding the period circle
3.2.7 The reset circuit
3.2.8 The Microcontroller Unit
3.2.9 Features ofAT89S52:
3.2.10 The Keyboard Unit
3.2.11 The Concept of RF Transmission
3.2.12 Properties of RF
3.2.13 Brief Description of RE
3.2.14 RE Advantages
3.2.16 RF Disadvantages
3.2.17 RE Transmitter
3.2.18 Factors Influenced to Choose STT-433MHz
3.2.19 Pin description
2220 Features
3221 RF Receiver
3.2.22 The Relay Driver Unit
3.2.24 The LCD Display Unit
3.2.25 The System Operation
3.3 System Circuit Diagram
3.4 Construction
3.4.1 Constructional Layout Design:
3.4.2 Assemb1y Placement of Components.
3.4.3 Soldering Process
3.4.4 The Mechanical Fabrication Unit
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 Testing and Results
4.2 Cost Analysis of the Project
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Recommendation
5.2 Conclusion
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1: The Block Diagram of the Project
Figure 3.1: Circuit Diagram for the Power Supply Unit
Figure 3.2: The Circuit for a Bridge Rectifier
Figure 3.3: Circuit Showing Capacitor Filtration
Figure 3.4: Circuit Diagram for the Regulator Unit
Figure 3.5: The Oscillation Circuit Of 8051
Figure 3.6: Pin Configuration of the AT89CS1 Microcontroller
Figure 3.7: The Keypad Unit
Figure 3.8: the RF Module
Figure 3.9: Relay Driver Circuit Using Single Transistor Figure 3.10: Interfacing the LCD to the 8051 MCU
Figure 3.11: The Generalized Circuit Diagram for the Project
Figure 3.12: Thet font 3D View of the Mechanical Design
Figure 3.13: The Top 3D View of the Project
Figure 3.14: The back View of the Mechanical Design of the Project
LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1: Test and Results Table
Table 4.2: The Bill of Engineering Measurement and Evaluation of the Project
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
A robot is a mechanical or virtual intelligent agent that can perform tasks automatically or with guidance, typically by remote control. In practice a robot is usually an electro mechanical machine that is guided by computer and electronic programming. Robots can be autonomous, semi-autonomous or remotely controlled. Robotics can be described as the current pinnacle of technical development. Robotics is a confluence science using the continuing advancements of mechanical engineering, material science, sensor fabrication, manufacturing techniques, and advanced algorithms.
There is no one definition of robot which satisfies everyone and many people have their own. For example Joseph Eagleburger, a pioneer in industrial robotics, once remarked: can’t define a robot, but I know one when I see one.” According to the Encyclopedia Britannica a robot is “any automatically operated machine that replaces human effort, though it may not resemble human beings in appearance or perform functions in a humanlike manner.” The word “robot” comes from the Czech word “Robota,” which means “slave-like labor “ or “forced-work”. Merriam-Webster describes a robot as a “machine that looks like a human being and performs various complex acts (as walking or talking) of a human being”, or a “device that automatically performs complicated often repetitive tasks”, or a “mechanism guided by automatic controls”, Robotics can be defined as the science or study of the technology primarily associated with the design, fabrication, theory, and application of robots. While other fields contribute the mathematics, the techniques, and the components, robotics creates the magical end product. The practical applications of robots drive development of robotics and drive advancements in other sciences in turn. Crafters and researchers in robotics study more than just robotics.
When societies first began developing, nearly all production and effort was the result of’ human labor, as well as with the aid of semi- and fully domesticated animals. As mechanical means of performing functions were discovered, and mechanics and complex mechanisms were developed, many tasks began to require less for human labor.
Machinery was initially used for repetitive functions, such as lifting water and grinding grain. With technological advancement more complex machines were slowly developed, such as those invented by Hero of Alexandria (in Egypt) in the 1st century AD and the first half of the second millennium AD.
Robots in antiquity and through the Middle Ages were used primarily for entertainment. However, the 20th century featured a boom in the development of industrial robots. Through the rest of the century, robots changed the structure of society and allowed for safer conditions for labor. In addition, the implementation of advanced robotics in the m
