DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF REDUNDANT WIRELESS REMOTE CONTROLLED DOOR LOCK

ABSTRACT
The project was aimed at the design and construction ofa redundant wireless remote controlled door lock system, to operate a solenoid door lock mechanism. The purpose of this design is to incorporate redundancy into the door lock system which will greatly enhance the reliability and performance of the system.
This project makes use of a solenoid lock, 315MHz RF remote control device which serves as the primary control device and HC-05 Bluetooth module paired with an android app on a smart phone, which is coordinated by an arduino pro-mini micro-controller, which serves as the backup control device to operate the solenoid door lock mechanism. The android app generates a password that is recognized by the Bluetooth protocol to wirelessly operate the solenoid door lock. The Bluetooth module that was mounted on the door, receives the command from the android phone and passes these commands to the micro-controller that controls the opening and closing of the door. The circuit was designed on Proteus integrated development environment after which the hardware was built on Vero-boards after successful simulations.
The project was implemented and installed in an office and the performance of the system conforms excellently with the design expectations. The design was tested to check for connectivity, operability and the range of signal coverage, which was between (15-20) meters for the Bluetooth receiver module and a range of (4-5) meters for the RF (Radio Frequency) remote control module. The system can be used in various situations where access to an enclosure needs to be monitored and controlled.

LIST OF FIGURES

Fig 2. 1 Showing Solenoid Lock 7
Fig 2. 2 Showing direction of flow of Current in a Solenoid 8
Fig 2. 3 Showing movement of plunger in a linear solenoid 9
Fig 2. 4 HC-05 Bluetooth Module 9
Fig 2. 5 Arduino Pro mini (AT Mega 328p) 11
Fig 2. 6 Showing 555 Timer IC 12
Fig 2. 7 LED Switching Circuit using ULN2003 15
Fig 2. 8 ULN 2003 16
Fig 2. 9 Lithium-Ion Battery 3.7V 18
Fig 2. 10 TP4046 Lithium Battery Charger 19
Fig 2. 11 MT 3608 DC-DC Boost Converter 21
Fig 2. 12 RF 314MHz Remote Control Receiver/Transmitter 21
Fig 2. 13 NPN 2N222 Transistor 23
Fig 2. 14 12V DC Step-down Transformer 24
Fig 2. 15 Bridge Rectifier Diode 24
Fig 2. 16 Showing Full wave Bridge Diode Rectifier 25
Fig 2. 17 Showing the Positive Half-cycle 25
Fig 2. 18 Showing the Negative Half-cycle 26
Fig 2. 19 Capacitor 26
Fig 2. 20 LM7805 Voltage Regulator 28
Fig 2. 21 Fixed Resistor 28
Fig 2. 22 Buzzer 29
Fig 2. 23 Showing LED 29
Fig 3. 1 Power Supply Circuit 31
Fig 3. 2 Monostable Multivibrator Using 555 Timer 35
Fig 3. 3 Amplitude Shift Key Modulation 52
Fig 3. 4 Simulation of Amplitude Shift Key Modulation using proteus 8.9 51
Fig 3. 5 Microcontroller Circuit Diagram 36
Fig 3. 6 Driver Circuit Diagram 37
Fig 3. 7 Buzzer Circuit Diagram 37
Fig 3. 8 LED Indicator Circuit Diagram 38
Fig 3. 9 Showing interface of Programming Code with Microcontroller 39
Fig 3. 10 Showing Complete Circuit Diagram 40
Fig 4. 1 Showing Work in Progress during construction of circuit 45
Fig 4. 2 Showing casing of circuit 46
Fig 4. 3 Showing Circuit testing using digital multimeter 47
Fig 4. 4 Showing Connectivity of Bluetooth Module with Android smart phone 48
Fig 4. 5 Showing testing of the complete circuit design 49

LIST OF TABLES
Table 2. 1 Showing pin configuration of the Bluetooth module 10
Table 2. 2 Showing pin configuration of ULN 2003 16
Table 4. 1 Showing Bluetooth measurement for a different location result 50
Table 4. 2 Showing Bill of Engineering, Measurement and Evaluation 53

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
The solenoid was invented in 1823 by the French physicist, Andre-Marie Ampere.A solenoid is a coil of wire that becomes an electromagnet when current is passed through it. It usually consists of a wire wound into a coil around a magnetic core, which requires a continuous supply of current to maintain the magnetic field. The magnetic field generated is concentrated in the hollow path at the center of the coil. The magnetic core is made from a ferromagnetic material which concentrates the magnetic flux and makes a powerful magnet. Electromagnets are widely used as components of other devices such as motors, generators, relays, loudspeakers, electro-mechanical solenoids, hard disk drives, etc. They are also employed in industry for picking up and moving heavy iron objects.
An electromagnetic solenoid lock is a common form of security lock.The solenoid lock device is closed on power loss and opens when it is energized by abattery source. However, the operation involves the use of a more convenient approach by using a wireless means for control, which may include; Bluetooth activated module using android smart phone, RF remote control, Face recognition, Voice recognition, Biometric finger print access, RFID access card etc.
Bluetooth development was first initiated in 1989 by Nils Rydbeck, at
Ericsson Mobile in Lund, Sweden and by Johan Ullman. Bluetooth technology is a short-range wireless communications technology. The Bluetooth RF transceiver operates in the unlicensed (industrial,scientific and radio) band, centered at 2.4 GHz. It uses low power and does not cost much to implement. Its low power consumption also makes it far less prone to interference
with other wireless devices in the same 2.4GHz radio band.

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
It was observed in the department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Benin that, most offices employ the use of conventional Jam-lockon their doors. For this type of lock, the lecturer will need to leave his seat to open the door every time a visitor knocks at the door. This situation is worse for course advisers because of the frequent visit of students. This creates a level of inconvenience and distraction for the lecturer resulting in loss of time, or daily man-hour.
1.3 AIM
The aim of this project is to design and construct a redundant wireless remote controlled door lock.
1.4 OBJECTIVES
To carry out detailed research on existing works on wireless door locks.
To design the redundant wireless door lock system.
To construct and implement the design of a redundant wireless door lock.
To test for proper functionality and performance.
1.5 METHODOLOGY
Research was carried out on past works to know what has be done before and how to improve on existing technologies.
The redundant wireless door lock circuit was designed and simulated using Proteus Software version 8.9.
The circuit design was implemented on a Vero board and tested for functionality.
The project was installed in an office and further tested for functionality and performance.