DIGITAL INCUBATOR

BY

NWANGODO AUGUSTUS                          EE/H2003/049

OHOR LUCY .O.                                           EE/H2003/047

NWEDO VINCENT .C.                                 EE/H2003/052

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARDS OF THE HIGHER NATIONAL DIPLOMA (HND) IN THE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND

TECHNOLOGY (IMT), ENUGU.

SEPTMBER 2005

TITLE PAGE

DIGITAL INCUBATOR

BY

NWANGODO AUGUSTUS                          EE/2003/049

OHOR LUCY .O.                                           EE/H2003/047

NWEDO VINCENT .C.                                 EE/H2003/052

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARDS OF THE HIGHER NATIONAL DIPLOMA (HND) IN THE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND

TECHNOLOGY (IMT), ENUGU.

SEPTMBER 2005

APPROVAL PAGE

          This write up on the construction of Digital Incubator has been read and approved as meeting requirement of the National Board for Technical Education (NBTE) for the award of Higher National Diploma in Electrical Electronics Engineering.

Sign:………………………………

NAME: ………………………….  Date :………………………..

                             (Project Supervisor)

Sign: ……………………………………..

NAME: ……………………………………..Date: …………………….

                             (Project co-ordinator)

Sign: ………………………………

Name: …………………………………       Date:…………………..

HOD (Electrical Electronics Department).

DEDICATION

          This project is dedicated to the Lord God Almighty for his guidance and protection and to our parents and guidance whom through their relentless effort see that we are bought up to expectation.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

          We acknowledge with gratitude, the willing co-operation and assistance received from our project supervisor and co-ordinator C.O. Udezue and the Managing director of Digicon Electronics.

          Our heartfelt gratitude go to our parents and guardians for their moral and financial backing throughout our course.

          We equally thank God for His protection and perfect health given to us.

PREFACE

          The purpose of this text is to present at a primary and intermediate level a comprehensive over view of the construction principle and indeed the operation of a Digital Incubator.  We want to present a situation where by as the temperature in going up let the resistance be decreasing and as the temperature decreases let the resistance be going up.

          The history and importance of Electronics as a unique branch of science cannot be over emphasized Electronic as its history might have it, is divided into two periods.  The first began with the invention of the vacuum tube, the second, occupying the later half of the twentieth century in based on the invention of the transistor.

          Since Electronic is the branch of science and Technology relating to the conduction and control of electricity flowing through semi-conductor materials through vacuum are based.  Its application to industry will be concerned with the design, manufacture and application of transistors, dides, integrated circuits and other semi-conductor devices and to a much lesser extent vacuum tubes.

          Therefore, it is a fact crystal clear, that it is from the above breed and follow up from the electronic industry that such devices like Digital incubator was able to be made, Digital incubator is therefore device designed to keep chicken and babies at a required temperature when they are delivered prematurely especially as it applies to babies.  It is used to keep them worm.

          It is commendable to note here that with the help of this digital work on construction and operation of digital incubator, students of electronic engineering now have a text to lay hands on.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page

Approval page

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Table of contents

Preface

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER TWO

PROJECT REVIEW

CHAPTER THREE

COMPONENT DESCRIPTION

3.0     INTRODUCTION

3.1     TRANSFORMER

3.1.1  STEP- DOWN TRANSFORMER

3.1.2  Step-up transformer

3.1.3  Transformer Ratings

3.2     RESISTOR

3.3     CAPACITOR

3.4     DIODE

3.5     RECTIFIER

3.6     TRANSISTOR

3.7     RELAY

3.9     LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (LED)

CHAPTER FOUR

THE PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION OF A DIGITAL INCUBATOR.

4.1     VERO BOARD:

4.2     HEATING ELEMENT (BULB)

4.3     FAN

4.4     CABLES

CHAPTER FIVE

PACKAGING AND DESIGN

4.6     MOUNTING PROCEDURE

CHAPTER SIX

CONSTRUCTION AND TESTING

6.1     TESTING THE CIRCUIT

CHAPTER SEVEN

CONCLUSION

PROJECT COST

BIBLIOGRAPHY

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

          Incubator has variety of applications but it has only one meaning, incubator is an apparatus consist of a box designed to maintain a constant temperature by the use of a thermoctal or thermictor; used for chicks or premature infants.  Synoaym: brooder: it is an apparatus consisting of a box designed to maintain a constant temperature by the use of a thermostat; used for chicks or premature infants.

          In the business world, an incubator is an enterprise that is set up to provide office space, equipment, and sometimes mentioning assistance and capital to new businesses that are just getting stated.  (the tem is familiar in poetry farming, where an incubator is a specially – equipped home for baby chickens)>  business incubators are set up by universities, non-profit groups, and increasingly by venture capitalists, especially for new web businesses.

          On the web, the space of growth and competition, especially of retail and business to – business (B2B) Web sites, is fostering software packages for the creation of “out-of-the box” Web sites.  For more ambitious Web sites and technology product development, venture capitalists are discovering that the incubation idea provides an organized way to finance and monitor the progress of its fledging “chicks”.

1.                 An apparatus in which environmental conditions, such as temperature and humidity, can be controlled, often used for growing bacterial cultures, hatching eggs artificially, or providing sinkable conditions for a chemical or biological reaction.

2.                 Medicine: An apparatus for maintaining an infant, especially a premature infant, in an environment of controlled temperature, humidity, and oxygen concentration.

3.                 A place or situation that permits or encourages the formation and development, as of new ideas: a college of that was an incubator of new approaches to sociology.

The small-scale apparatus for hailing eggs inspired the invention of incubators for peremptory born human infants, whose lives are often saved in an environment of controlled heat, humidity and ventilation.  Another type of incubator has been developed for the culture of micro-organisms.

Incubator is a specialized crib used in carrying for infants, in which the temperature and oxygen content of the air can be controlled.  Offer, babies who are born prematurely will be placed in an incubator until they have become strong enough to be housed in a regular crib.

1.                 An apparatus in which environmental conditions, such on temperature and humidity, can be controlled, often used for growing bacterial cultures, hatching eggs artificially, or providing suitable conditions for a chemical or biological reaction.

2.                 An apparatus for maintaining an infant, especially a premature infant, i