COMMUNICATION AND BEHAVIORAL CHANGE

ABSTRACT

        In this study an attempt was made to examine whether communication have effect on people’s behavioural change especially on the perception on HIV/AIDS in Nigeria.

        Question were administered among randomly sampled respondents from the study population. The data obtain was analyzed using table some findings was formulated to direct the study were accepted.

        Thus, there is significant of mass media communication do people perception on HIV/AIDS and increasing their knowledge about HIV/AIDS, raising awareness of personal risk factor and also teaches vulnerable individuals the skill need to reduce risky behaviours.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Title page

Certification

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Table of content

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1   Background of the study

1.2   Statement of the problem

1.3   Research Question

1.4   Significance of the study

1.5   Objective of the study,

1.6   Scope of the study

1.7   Definition of the key terms

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1   Forms of communication

2.2   Barriers of communication

2.3   Theoretical framework

2.4   Review of Relation Study

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1   Introduction

3.2   Study population and sample size

3.3   Sample techniques

3.4   Collection of instrument

3.5   Method of Data Analysis

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS OF PRESENTATION OF RESULT

4.1   Introduction

4.2   Analysis of the field performance of the questionnaire      

4.3   Discussion of findings

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1   Summary

5.2   Conclusion

5.3   Recommendation

        Bibliography

CHAPTER ONE

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1   BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY     

        Communication is activities of conveying information as by speech, visuals, signals, writing or behavior; it is the meaningful exchange of information between two or more people or a group of people.

        From the creation of the world, there has being endless needs to inform people about one thing or the other and this shows that communication has become an inseparable part of our lives. Communication has variously defined by many communication experts, erudite scholars and educationists with each of them defining it in accordance with his field of studies, area (s) of interest and prejudices. This accounts for why there has not been one singular acceptable definition of what communication presupposes.

        For instance, it has been viewed as an act of sending or conveying understandable information from the sender to the receiver through an appropriate channel, with the speaker hearer responding to such a message in the form of feedback.

        Communication has equally been defined as a mean of establishing commonness with someone which involves the giving of an understandable message from one person to another through a desirable and adequate channel or medium which the sender has considered fit to be suitable to both the sender, the occasion and of course, the purpose.

        Ajibade (1994) maintain, that “Communication is the generation and attribution of meaning”. Generation starts from the speaker who encodes the communication message in the way that the receiver must understand”.

        According to James Platt “Communication is the process through which individuals observes stimuli through the drawing of references with or without observable concomitant physical responses”.

        Dean Barlund maintains that “Communication arises out of the need to reduce uncertainty to act effectively to define or strengthen the ego”. He further state that the aim of communications is to increase the number and consistency of meanings within the limits set by patterns of evaluations that have proven successful in the past.

        Murphy (1977) defines communication as an exchange of meaning by which one mind affect another, according to him communication is information that register somewhere in the mental structure of the receiver.

        The essential of communication are certain fundamental ingredients which are necessary for communication to take. They are not just essential in the communication process, but also inevitable and compulsory. These elements include knowing who is communicating, what he is communicating, or encoding, the person with whom he is communicating, and of course the channel or the medium he is employing in communicating. Communication may not take place or be effective at best until these components are present and interact effectively among themselves.

        Two communication experts, Shannon and Weaver in 1974 identified five basic communication elements or ingredients; these are source, transmitter, signal, receiver and destination. The Shannon Weaver model has been found useful in describing human communication.

        Nigeria faces a high burden of AIDS with more than three million people already infected with HIV. Other than a slight decrease from 5.8% in 2001 to 5.0% in 2003, the country’s HIV sero prevalence rate has increased progressively since the first case was officially disclosed in 1986. The epidemiologic pattern of HIV infection with sexual behavior, used of contaminated skin piecing instruments and mother-to-child transmission as the principal modes of transmission clearly indicates that behavior modification is central to HIV prevention. The current absence of curative immunological, pharmacological, and related medical interventions against HIV/AIDS make behavioral interventions more critical than for many other diseases of public health importance. To ensure maximum impact behavioral interventions must be examined critically and avenues for strengthening them within national programs and community initiative must be continuously sought.

        Evidence from the successful experience of Uganda indicates that appropriate sexual behavior modification can produce a positive impact equivalent to that of a vaccine with an effectiveness of 80% following their view of the decline of (HIV in Tailand, Zambia and the gay community in the United States, stone burner and low. Beer argued that Uganda is not unique and the successful experiences share several basic elements “the continuum of communication, behavior change, and care”. These success stories stimulates interest in ensuring that HIV related communication programs are sound in concept and produce the desired behavior changes that will halt the spread of HIV and eventually reverse its impact at the population level.

        Ever since the first case of AIDS registered in 1982, the epidemic has continued to be on increased. For instance, an estimated 5.1% to 5.4% of the population has been infected with HIV/AIDS by 1999 and by 2006, 6.1 million of 140 million population is living with HIV/AIDS. The situation becomes worrisome as the number of people with the disease is expected to grow significantly by the end of 2010. Despite the pandemic nature of HIV/AIDS, it was not until 2000 that the Nigeria government recognized HIV/AIDS as a major health problem (FRN 2000). Unfortunately, this was not immediately matched with intensified campaign on HIV/AIDS by government at all level. However, the recent happenings indicates government sudden interest  in fighting the scourge government mounted aggressive campaign in media and posted bills boards in cities and high ways, sensitive song on the danger of the disease, modes of transmission and prevention. There are also responses from. Despite several efforts by government and non-government organization to address the problem, it is dishearted to note that the rate of infection is still very high.

 1.2  STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

        This study is solely concern with examine the effects of behavioral change on people perception of HIV/AIDS awareness campaign.

        HIV/AIDS is a major health problem, in 2006; Nigeria recorded 6.1 million of 140 million populations living with the disease. One is left wondering if people are aware of the disease and if various campaigns on HIV/AIDS have impact on them. HIV/AIDS remains incurable and devastates many communities and nations. Since the first reported case in the united state in 1981, it has spread unremittingly to virtually every country in the world. The number of people living with the virus has raised from 10 million in 1991 to 33 million in 2007.in 2007, they were 2.7 million new infections and 2 million HIV related deaths. Globally, about 45% of new infected occurred among young people (age 5.24).

        Africa remains the most affected region in the world. Sub-saharan Africa, which has just over 10% of the world’s population is home to two-thirds of all people living with HIV and three quarter of all AIDs death (1.5 million deaths) in 2007.

        Nigeria was awakened from its state of disbelief about the presence of the virus is the country by the late Olikoye Ransome Kuti. There is therefore a need to check if really communication through awareness campaign induces behavior or change in behavior in the society.