AUDIENCE REACTION TOWARDS NEWSCASTERS’ MODE OF DRESSING (A STUDY OF NTA CHANNEL 10, PORT HARCOURT)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover page
Title page
Certification – – – – – – – – i
Dedication – – – – – – – – – ii
Acknowledgement – – – – – – – – iii
Abstract – – – – – – – – – iv
Table of Contents – – – – – – – V
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the study – – – – – 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem – – – – – – 4
1.3 Objectives of the Study – – – – – – 4
1.4 Research Questions – – – – – 5
1.5 Significance of the Study – – – – – 5
1.6 Limitations of the Study – – – – – 5
1.8 Definition of Terms – – – – – – 6
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Introduction – – – – – – – – 7
2.2 Review of Related Concept – – – – – 9
2.3 Television as an Aesthetic structure – – – – 10
2.4 Television as Transmitting Non-verbal Information – 12
2.5 The concept of the Audience – – – – – 15
2.6 Theoretical Framework – – – – – – 16
2.6.1 The Category Theory – – – – – – 17
2.6.2 The Reflective Projective Theory – – – – 18
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction – – – – – – – – 22
3.2 Research Techniques – – – – – – 22
3.3 Population of the Study – – – – – – 23
3.4 Source of Data – – – – – – – 23
3.5 Sample and sampling technique – – – – 23
3.6 Description of Measurement – – – – – 25
3.7 Validity and Reliability of Measuring Instruments- – 25
3.8 Method of Data Collection – – – – 25
3.9 Method of Data Analysis – – – – – 26
CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
4.1 Introduction – – – – – – 27
4.2 Data Presentation and Analysis – – – 27
4.3 Discussion of Findings – – – – – – 34
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Summary – – – – – – – – 38
5.2 Conclusion – – – – – – – – 39
5.3 Recommendations – – – – – – – 40
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the study
Any discussion on television as an aesthetic structure must assume a basic premise that television as a theatre art of the air requires the use of skillful and intelligent means to achieve its end. Being an art, television is an assemblage of organized experience where visual messages are created and presented to an audience in such a way that the impression intended by the source of the messages is made in the minds of the audience.
In structuring a television events or situation, the concern should not capture the reality of that situation or events but to create stimuli to a viewer’s experience in the real situation. Aesthetics structure is concerned with the ability to communicate the situation in a believable way. This can be enhanced using the five senses of sight, touch, smell, taste and feelings. Onabajo (2004:121), avers that:
“Lighting in television is meant to provide the television camera with adequate illumination for technically acceptable pictures. What is seen on the television screen is a recording of the camera which is transported to our homes through the application of other transmission processes”.
Non-verbal communication comprises of your overall body language, including your appearance and posture as a form of communication with others. Rather than using words, people can communicate with others using communication to express their emotions, gestures, facial expressions and eye contact. Also an individual’s voice tone may communicate non-verbal messages to others.
In the essence, the way an individual delivers non-verbal messages can be just as important as verbal dialogue. Non-verbal communication include what you wear, how you wear your cloths, facial expressions, body gestures, eye contact, voice, posture and the distance between you and your audience. Non-verbal cues affect how people understand what you are attempting to communicate and their reaction corresponds to how you deliver your messages.
Janet Paul (2001) gives more bite to this when she says:
“Any aesthetic work is to sensitize any combination of our senses or taste. Every aesthetics work must cause people to feel and experience what the artiste has felt and experienced. As soon as the audience are affected by the same feelings which the artiste felt, experience has been clarified and intensified, thus aesthetic communication has been experienced in a proper way”.
In this way, we will note what art is, selection rather representation, art is ordered, clarified and intensified, the one experiencing it must feel it because he is receiving an aesthetic experience. Aesthetic experience has to do with observing, selecting and arranging artistic elements. For aesthetics experience to endure, it must leave behind soars on the audience and it is demonstrated in the process of effective communication.
In fact, their concept of a message as being composed of entropy and redundancy balance between them for efficient communication, while off-setting noise is in channel. Redundancy can be expressed through repetition, facial expression, gestures and mode of dressing, etc.
In relating this to television production, you will realize that the broadcast artist may distract his/her audience from concentrating on his intended message once he does not follow the aesthetics principles. We know television is a merciless revealer of personality. In sincerity, smugness and conceit are clearly portrayed by the genuine, sincere personality.
Television by adding sights to sound, emphasis on the importance of appearance, those with physical defects will be shown by the camera. Hence, the basic for this study was focused on how the audience feels about the Nigerian Television Authority newscasters’ mode of dressing and if the dressing enhances effective communication. Artist should be more creative about ideas that are translated to programmes meant to satisfy the thirst of audience
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The impact of the electronic media, especially the television on the economic and socio-political activities of the society has been very significant. Television therefore is at its best when it offers us faces, reactions and explorations of emotions registered by human beings.
Do aesthetic elements such as mode of dressing and make-up on broadcasters’ affect audience level of attention? This is the issue that the study is out to address.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The fundamental objectives of this study are to:
- know if newscaster’s mode of dressing affects the level of attention or listening by the audience.
- ascertain the extent noise could be avoided through the manipulation of aesthetics elements on television.
- find out if aesthetic elements could be used for understanding of news content on television.
- ascertain if audience can react to newscaster’s mode of dressing through the means of aesthetics elements.
- assess audience reactions on newscasters mode of dressing on television.
1.4 Research Questions
The above objectives can be attainable if the following questions can be answered:
- Does newscaster’s mode of dressing affect audience attention?
- Can noise be manipulated through the use of aesthetic elements on television?
- Does audience assimilate news content through the use of aesthetic elements on television?
- How relevant is audience reactions on newscasters mode of dressing on television?
1.5 Significance of the Study
The essence of any communication is to share meaning, therefore, the findings of this study would serve to eliminate noise in their communication environment, be it semantic, mechanical or visual, so that their objectives and owners of broadcast houses will be exposed to the inherent problems that rob their outfit of audience and seek to amend for better quality production, guidelines among which is to inform, educate and entertain, since there has not been much study in this area, this study will contribute to already existing scanty literature and serve as an aid to future researchers.
1.6 Limitation of the study
Given the fact that there is an existing scanty literature on dressing, much attention will be focused on aesthetics. However, because of time,
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