ASSESSMENT OF AKBC RADIO LISTENER-SHIP PATTERN AMONG STUDENTS OF HERITAGE POLYTECHNIC, EKET

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER TITLE PAGES
Fly leaf
Title page – – – – – – i
Certification – – – – – – ii
Dedication – – – – – – iii
Acknowledgement — – – – – iv-v
Table of contents — – – – – vi-viii
List of Tables – – – – – ix
Abstract – – – – – – x-xi
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study – – – 1-4
1.2 Statement of the Study – – – 4-5
1.3 Objectives of the Study – – – 5-6
1.4 Research Questions – – – – 6
1.5 Scope of the Study – – – – 6
1.6 Significance of the Study – – – 7
1.7 Limitations of the Study – – – 7-8
1.8 Definition of Terms – – – 8-9
2.0 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 The Concept of Radio as a communication media 10-12
2.2 History of Radio – – – – – 12-13
2.3 Birth and Growth of Radio – – – 14-16
2.4 Concept of Broadcasting – – – – 16-19
2.5 Roles/functions of Radio – – – – 19-21
2.6 Strength and Weakness of Radio – – 21-23
2.7 Impact of Radio – – – – – 23-25
2.8 Who Uses Radio – – – – – 25-27
2.9 Radio and its Characteristics – – – 27-28
2.10 Audio Technology – – – – – 28
2.11 Nature of Radio – – – – – 29-31
2.12 Theoretical Framework – – – 31-36
2.13 Review of Studies – – – – – 36-38
3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design – – – – 39
3.2 Population of Study – – – – 39
3.3 Sample and Sampling procedure – – 39-40
3.4 Instrument of Data Collection – – – 40
3.6 Validity and reliability of Instrument – – 40-41
3.7 Method of Data presentation and Analysis – 41`
4.0 DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
4.1 Data Presentation and Analysis – – – 42-50
4.2 Discussion of Findings – – – – 50-52
5.0 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Summary – – – – – – 53
5.2 Conclusion – – – – – – 54
5.3 Recommendations – – – – – 54-55
REFERENCES
APPENDIX/APPENDICES

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 Gender distribution of respondents – – 42
Table 2 Marital status of Respondents – – – 42
Table 3 Respondents class distribution – – – 43
Table 4 Ownership of Radio set by Respondents – 44
Table 5 Whether Respondents do listen to Radio – 44
Table 6 Frequency of Respondents listenership to AKBC
Radio – – – – – – 45
Table 7 Reason for Respondents listenership to AKBC
Radio – – – – – – 46
Table 8 Programmes(s) Respondents like listening to
AKBC Radio – – – – – 47
Table 9 Respondents time of listening to their
favourite programme(s) on AKBC Radio- – 48
Table 10 How respondents listen to the Radio station. – 49

ABSTRACT
This study is to determine the Assessment of AKBC Radio Listenership Pattern among Students of Heritage Polytechnic, Eket, 2018 / 2019 session. Some of the research objectives were used to guide the study and these were; to find out whether student of Heritage Polytechnic, Eket, do listen to AKBC Radio, to find out how often the student listen to AKBC Radio. The survey method was adopted for the study. The population of the study was 7,044 students. Simple random sampling technique was used to select a sample of 360 students. Questionnaire was found as a reliable instrument of data collection. The data gathered was analysed using frequency table. Findings showed that the students have been listening to AKBC radio, majority of the students listen to AKBC Radio daily. The researcher recommended that AKBC radio should regularly report events and happening within the school so as to encourage students to listen to the station. And also internet connectivity as well as online relay of AKBC radio programmes should be effected to enhance the reach of the students.

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Radio is an essential mass medium that virtually every member of the society benefit from kwuewumi (2009) asserts that Radio has radicalized the face of human communication and ultimately become a fixed in the daily lives of humans where by people are informed, taught, nurtured and reformed by way of relaxation. This he argued, makes radio as a medium of mass communication being constantly sought after by its ardent listeners. Radio is the wireless transmission of signals through free space by electromagnetic radiation of a frequency significantly below that of visible light, in the radio frequency range, from about 30khz to 300ghz.
Egbuchulam (2017) defined radio as a mobilizer and a formidable factor in the new world order in economy technology and politics. Radio is best described as the cheapest, safest and the most effective medium of communication available to man. According to Onabajo (1999), in the developing world as in Asia and Africa, radio is cheap, it does not cost much compared to television which is expensive. It is also portable i.e it can be easily transported from one place to another. It is credible, as it transmits message that its listeners hold important. Radio can also present news as it happens, brings the voices of news makers and artist into the homes of listeners. It also provides dramatic shows and other entertainment, which students can visualize even in the absence of visuals. For that reason, radio enjoys the advantage of simultaneously. It is a good companion that entertains and informs the students.

Kwuewumi (2009) asserted that a world without radio will be like a garden without flowers and trees. Radio daily feeds us with information, teaches us and calms our nerves. If radio is well understood and its potentials realized, hardly will there be any one that will live without a radio. Many anxious moments will be healed.
Radio is a vehicle for projecting personality through which it attracts and holds an audience. It is an efficient instrument for getting a message to a large number of people at the same time, because it transcends the boundary if space and time, and also leaps across illiteracy barriers (Onabajo, 1999).
Egbuchulam (2002) asserts that radio has been a major communication tool for improving the quality of people’s lives, bringing to their door step news, entertainment and education through its programmes, despite the world wide enchantment with the internet and web based learning, radio still retains the advantaged communities aspiring to overcome the barriers of illiteracy and physical distance in many countries. Students us and relate to radio in very different ways compared to other media. Students use radio for various reasons one of which is for emotional support, to keep their spirits up through programmes, and the result will determine to a large extent the pattern students would have to programmes. People listen to radio to informed, entertained, educate follow their favourite football team, and follow fashion trends or popular music, among others.

According to Oliveira, Portela, and Santos (2012), it is assumed that students make their own interpretations of a radio programmed if the presentation includes, something they can relate to something familiar. Radio plays an integral role in providing the students with news, music and other programmes, while also acting as a voice that represents then as well as the society at large.
It is therefore no argument that radio serve as a means of communication. In the aspect of information, radio provides information in terms of news that is the, the day to day information within outside the country. Radio also encourages the students to know more about entertainment, education, and politics, they can also participate through phone in programmes talk shows and motivational programmes. Radio generally helps to broaden the knowledge intellectually and morally.
This study is designed to examine the assessment of radio listenership pattern among students of Heritage Polytechnic, Eket.

1.2 Statement of the Problem
The significance of radio in informing, educating and entertaining people is not in doubt, and it is one effective that people keep in touch with the contemporary world. It can be assumed that before the advent of radio, in formation on what happens inside and outside the social world was difficult to discern by people. Even after the advent of radio and going a step further to establish AKBC radio, there is still doubt as to how many students of Heritage Polytechnic are aware of what is happening beyond the walls of their school premises, and in the global world.
As students of Heritage Polytechnic Eket, it is imperative that they keep abreast of issues around them and in the country at large,
This study therefore seeks to examine the assessment of radio listenership pattern among students of Heritage Polytechnic, Eket.

1.3 Objective of the Study
The objectives of the study were to find out the following
To find out whether students of Heritage Polytechnic do listen to AKBC radio.
To find out how often students of Heritage Polytechnic listen to AKBC Radio.
To find out why students of Heritage Polytechnic listen to AKBC radio station.
To find out the pattern of listenership of the students to AKBC station.

1.4 Research Question
The following are the research question that guide the study
Do students of Heritage Polytechnic, Eket, listen to AKBC radio?
How often do students of Heritage Polytechnic, Eket listen to AKBC radio?
Why do students of Heritage Polytechnic Eket listen to AKBC radio?
What is the listenership pattern of Heritage Polytechnic students to AKBC radio?

1.5 Scope of the Study
This study will be limited to the students Heritage Polytechnic, Eket (both male and females). It focused on AKBC radio listenership.

1.6 Significance of the Study
The research work will be importance in the following ways first, considering the cost of running radio house (station), the result of this study will serve as a guide to radio (AKBC) in Akwa Ibom State in assessing the level of patron age given by the students of Heritage Polytechnic, Eket and in the process, decide whether to increase the number if programmes or decrease and also whether to improve the existing programmes.
Secondly, this research work will educate students, as it will reveal the advantages and benefits of listening to radio.
Thirdly, this study will add to literature and contributes knowledge to the discipline of mass communication. Furthermore, it will serve as a reference for future work.

1.7 Limitation of the Study
In the process of carrying out this research, some challenges factors were inherit in the course of this work. Most of which were; inadequate materials in the libraries to provide reliable historical data, refusal and ignorance of most respondents to divulge useful information helpful to the researcher and unstable climatic condition.
However these limitations were not left unattended. Apart from the conventional libraries, other reliable sources of information became imperative, more respondents were reached to boost the credence of recommendations reached and the researcher utilized effectively days of favourable climate to reach respondents.

1.8 Definition of Terms
The following are some terms used in this study.
Assessment: This refers to the process of evaluating or finding out the level of radio listenership patterns among students of Heritage Polytechnic, Eket.
Radio listenership: This refers to the totality of persons listening to a particular radio station for instance, the totality of students in Heritage Polytechnic, Eket who listen to AKBC radio.
Students: one who is enroll or attend classes at a school college, or university.
Radio: Radio is the broadcasting of programmes to the public to listen to, by sending out signals from a transmitter.