ABSTRACT
This study focused on the analysis of manpower development among administrative staff of tertiary institutions in Delta State. . The objectives of this study are; To analyse the benefit of on-the-job training and development programmes on administrative staff of tertiary institutions, to find out the benefit of off-the-job training and development programmes on administrative staff of tertiary institutions, to identify the challenges to effective manpower development of administrative staff of tertiary institutions, to determine the measures for effective manpower training and development of administrative staff of tertiary institutions, to determine the extent manpower development has affected job performance of administrative staff of tertiary institutions. Data for this study were obtained from both primary and secondary sources. The study has a population size of 6680, out of which a sample size of 377 was realized using Taro yamane’s statistical formular. Survey research design was adopted. Chi-square distribution table () were used to test the hypotheses. To ensure that the research instruments are valid, a conduct of a pre-test of every question in the questionnaire was carried out. For reliability of the research instruments, a test-re-test method was adopted using the crobach alpha reliability method the result and the result gave reliability coefficient of 0.61, which showed an evidence of internal and external consistency of the instrument. Findings indicate that; on-the-job training increased employees capacity to adopt new technologies and methods; off-the-job training enhanced employees chances of promotion; management inability to send employees for training is a challenge to effective manpower development; establishment of training centres is a measure for effective manpower development; manpower development help increased employees output. Based on the findings, the study recommends that Statutory orientation programmes should be organized for all newly recruited administrative staff; Seminar, workshops and conferences should be organized periodically for administrative staff so as to equip them with the latest work methods and technology, Administrative staff should be encouraged to participate in international conferences, seminars and workshops and contribute articles to international journals by way of financial incentives, sponsorship, reimbursements and grants etc; Merit-based pay salary be introduced for administrative staff who have distinguished themselves in work performance and displayed excellent productivity; Each department/unit should float financial grant/loan for the departmental unit members, this will encourage high performance within the department /unit and healthy competitions between other departments and units;the state government in collaboration with the National Universities Commission, National Council for Colleges of Education and National Board for Technical Education should enhance administrative staff training grants and other needed resources.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
Title Page
i
Approval Page ii
Certification iii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgements v
Abstract vi
Table of Contents vii
List of Tables x
List of Figures xi
CHAPTER
ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
of the Study 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem 4
1.3 Objectives
of the Study 5
1.4
Research Questions 5
1.5 Research
Hypotheses 6
1.6 Significance
of the Study 7
1.7 Scope
of the Study 7
1.8
Limitations of the Study 8
1.9 Operational Definition of Key Terms 8
References 9
CHAPTER
TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Theoretical Framework 10
2.2 Conceptual Framework 13
2.3 The Objectives of Manpower Development 15
2.4 Significance of Manpower Development Theory 16
2.5 Criticisms of Manpower Development 17
2.6 Training and Development Aspect of Manpower Development 18
2.7 The Need for Staff Training and Development in Tertiary Institutions 19
2.8 Techniques
for Determining Training Needs 22
2.9 Training
and Development Principles 23
2.10 Training needs Analysis 24
2.11 Training and Development Programmes 26
2.12 Manpower Training and Development in Nigeria 39
2.13 The Relevance of Manpower Development in Nigeria 41
2.14 Problem of Manpower Development in Nigeria 42
2.15 Options for Effective Manpower Development in Nigeria 43
2.16 Analysis
of Training Policies of Manpower in
Tertiary Institutions
in Delta State 44
2.17 Overview of Tertiary Institution in Nigeria 50
References 52
CHAPTER
THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design 56
3.2 Sources
of Data 56
3.3 Population of the Study 57
3.4 Determination of Sample Size 58
3.5 Sampling Method 58
3.6 Validation of Research Instrument 60
3.7 Reliability of Research Instrument 60
3.8 Statistical Tools for Data Analysis 60
References 62
CHAPTER
FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1 Data Presentation and Analysis 63
4.2 Testing of Hypotheses 69
CHAPTER
FIVE: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS CONCLUSIONS
AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary of Findings 80
5.3 Conclusions 80
5.4 Recommendations 80
5.5 Suggestions for Further Studies 81
5.6 Contribution to Knowledge 82
Bibliography 84
Appendix A: Letter to
the Respondents 89
Appendix B: questionnaire
for workers 90
Appendix C: Items
Statistics for Computed Alpha Coefficient
94
LIST
OF TABLES
2.1 Number
of Administrative Staff Trained by Administrative
Staff College of
Nigeria (ASCON) and Centre for Management
Development (CMD) in
Delta State from 1992 to 2000 48
2.2 Categories of Training in Delta Staff from 1992 to 2000 49
3.1 Distribution
of Senior Non-Academic Staff Population by
Gender in the Tertiary
Institutions 57
3.2 Stratum Representation of Staff Level Based on Gender 59
4.1 Questionnaire distribution 63
4.2 Sex distribution 64
4.3 Respondents age 64
4.4 Respondents rank 65
4.5 What are the benefit of on-the-job training and development programme on administration staff of tertiary institutions 65
4.6 What
are the of off-the-job training and development programme
on administration staff of tertiary
institutions 66
4.7 What
are the challenges to effective manpower development of
administrative staff of
tertiary institutions 67
4.8 What
are the measures for effective manpower development of
administrative staff of
tertiary institutions 68
4.9 To what extent has manpower development affected job performance of administrative staff of tertiary institutions 69
LIST
OF FIGURES
Figure 5.1: Shows the man power development model 82
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Until the early 1980s there was a
general resistance to investment in manpower development in tertiary
institutions. This is because of what Stahi (2004) posits was the belief that
“employees hired under a merit system must be presumed to be qualified because
they were already trained for their jobs, and that if this was not so it was
evidence that initial selection of personnel was at fault”. This assumption has
been jettisoned as the need for manpower development has become obvious both in
the private and the public sectors. Many organizations have come to recognize
that manpower development offers a way of “developing skills, enhancing productivity
and quality of work and building worker loyalty to the firm” (White, 2009).
Indeed the importance of manpower development has become more glaring given the
growing complexity of the work environment, the rapid changes in organization
and technological advancement which further necessitate the need for training
and development of personnel to meet the challenges.
Training and development, according to
Lassa (2005), happens to be the core of manpower development in organizations.
They help to ensure that organizational members possess the knowledge and
skills needed to perform their jobs effectively take on new responsibilities
and adapt to changing conditions (Jones, George and Hill, 2000). Training
“helps improve quality, customer satisfaction, productivity, morale, management
succession, business development and profitability” (Olu, 2008). Elaborating
further on the importance of manpower development (MD) the International Labour
Office (Ilo, 2000) affirms that development and training improves the trainees,
prospects of finding and retaining a job, improves their performance at work,
their income earning capacity, their living standards, and further widens their
career choices and opportunities.
Lassa (2005) at the macro level noted
that manpower development and management are issues of primary concern and
interest to every nation of the world. In support of the above, Agbato (2003)
argued that in a developing country such as Nigeria, human resources
development and management is critically central to any form of socio-economic
and techno-scientific advancement. Agbato further stressed that Nigeria cannot
claim to have developed enough manpower to service her various sectors of the
economy and field of endeavour yet the issues of labour relations, manpower
retention, job satisfaction and morale have been become national problems.
Hallstain (2005) recognizes the
importance of a well-trained labour force in an organization. Administrative
staff development programmes in an organization is concerned with recognizing
and providing those areas of skill, knowledge, behaviour and attitude needed by
the individual administrator that he may perform his work more effectively and
efficiently to achieve the desired result. The desired result could be to
correct deficiencies of the poorly trained administrative staff, to help the
less experience administrative staff that have just picked up the job, to keep
administrators abreast of educational and social development and to stimulate
professional growth. It is only when the manpower is adequately qualified for
the jobs to be performed that the resources input can effectively be deployed
and utilized in the most optimal manner. Johnson (2001) laments that the
organization itself is constantly in a state of flux, either growing or dying.
It is either expanding or shrinking in its particular market place, and changes
pace and direction due to the impact of an ever changing environment. He argued
that the new products, new processes, new material and new services, new uses
for old products, processes and services, and expansion of technology, the
activities of competitors, the influences of regulations and other controls-all
these and other factors combine to help or hinder an organization’s ability to survive
and grow. Although Johnson was writing about USA in 1976, he perfectly could
have anticipated the Nigerian business environment and educational sector in
the 1980s for the tertiary institutions are in constant flux ever-changing, with
both willing and unwilling employees and that administrative staff have to be
trained and retrained on a regular basis since Nigeria needs literate and
productive manpower to develop her tremendous natural resources. It is only
through sound education delivered by teachers that such manpower would be
developed. Ejiogu, (2001) remarks that people have to feel good in their jobs, and
also have a genuine sense of learning, growing and developing as persons in the
process of making their organizational contributions.
Significantly, emphasis has been laid on
the need for training and development in tertiary institutions. For instance,
Olu (2008) remarked that the complex nature of institution of higher learning
exemplified by diverse human needs and behaviour make it the more reason why
administrators should be constantly empowered through training on how to
address the various emerging issues. So far, this has not been fully realized
as a result of the following identified constraining factors.
That staff were meant to initiate training and
development pursuit, and when they did this, management of tertiary institutions
do not take it seriously, also that when administrative staff of tertiary
institutions in Delta State apply for training and development programmes,
management of the institutions subjected this application to rigorous criticism
by various management level for comments and as such it takes a lot of time
before consideration, and that in most cases approval for the programme usually
come when the time for the programmes had elapsed. Furthermore, it was observed
that management of tertiary institutions in Delta State did not commit adequate
funds in the training and development of administrative staff, in fact, this
act had crippled a lot of activities and programmes that would have made for
qualitative administration in our schools. Several studies pinpoint the
importance of training and development of employees. Continuing Harbison (1966)
emphasizes the need to develop manpower so that they can take hold of all
matters including the implementation of the tertiary institutions curriculum.
He recommends regular update of staff to solve the problem of staff
obsolescence.
1.2
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMIt is general knowledge that employers in the
education industry in Nigeria do not commit funds for the training and
development of their employees
ANALYSIS OF MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT AMONG ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS
