ABSTRACT
This
project work examined the water demand and supply in Egbejila area of Ilorin
west local government, Kwara State. The three main users of water focused upon
in the study area are residential, commercial (block industry, hair salon, food
canteen) and agricultural water use. Also, the three main sources of water
available to the users i.e. borehole, pipe borne water and well water supplies
were investigated to determine the effectiveness of these sources of water in
meeting up with the demands of the various group of users.
Questionnaires were administered to the
users in which residential water use was the highest, followed by commercial
and agriculture to determine their level of consumption of water and how their
various sources of water have been able to meet up with the daily demands. It
was determined that the three sources of water meet up with the daily demands
of the various users in the study area. Although supply of water seems to meet
up with the demand but more jobs have to be done by the ministry of works and
water corporation on pipe borne water supply in term of its availability and
repair of distribution system appurtenances ( i.e. various devices installed
along the distribution system).
TABLE
OF CONTENT
Content Page
No
Title page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv-v
Abstract vi
Table of contents vii-viii
List of tables ix
CHAPTER
ONE
- Introduction 1-3
1.1 Statement of the problem 4
1.2 Aim and Objectives 4
1.3 Justification of the study 5
1.4 Scope and Limitation of the study 5
1.5 Description of the study area 6
1.6 Methodology 7
CHAPTER
TWO
2.0 Literature Review 8-15
CHAPTER
THREE
3.0 Methodology 16
3.1 Reconnaissance Survey 16
3.2 Water Situation in Egbejila 16-17
3.3 Sources of water Supply in Egbejila 17
3.4 Data Collection Instrument Used 17
3.5 Questionnaire Distributed 17-18
3.6 Oral Interview at Water Works 18
3.7 Limitation of the Methodology 18-19
3.8 Element of a Public Water Supply 19
3.9 Factors Affecting Use of Water 19
3.10 Characteristics of Population 19-20
3.11 Climatic Condition 20
3.12 Living Standard 20
3.13 Procedure for processing and analyzing
data 21
CHAPTER
FOUR
4.0 Results and Discussion
4.1 Results 22-34
CHAPTER
FIVE
5.0 Conclusion and Recommendations
5.1 Conclusion 35-36
5.2 Recommendations 36
References 37-39
Appendix 40-46
LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1: Age group
of respondents in egbejila
Table 4.1: Sample
population of the respondents/each areas
Table 4.2: Water
demand in each studied area
Table 4.3:
Activities involving use of water in the studied areas
Table 4.4 Rate of
water consumption per day
Table 4.5: Sources
of water in studied areas
Table 4.6:
Percentage analysis of the farmers in each area studied
Table 4.7: Type of
farming activities in the studied areas
Table 4.8: Plots of
land for farming activities
Table 4.9: Water
demand for agricultural purpose
Table 4.10: Sources
of water supply
Table 4.11:
Commercial centres sampled in the studied area
Table 4.12: Rate of water demand from commercial centres
CHAPTER
ONE
1.0
INTRODUCTION
Water is a chemical substance with the chemical formula H2O. Its
molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms connected by covalent
bonds. Water is a liquid at ambient conditions, but it often co-exists on earth
with its solid state, ice, and gaseous state (water vapor or steam). Water
covers 70.9% of the earth’s surface, and is vital for all known forms of life
on earth, it is found mostly in oceans and other large water bodies, with 1.6%
of water below ground in aquifers and 0.001% in the air as vapor, clouds
(formed of solid and liquid water particles suspended in air), and
precipitation. Oceans hold 97% of surface water, glaciers and polar ice caps
2.4%, and other land surface water such as rivers, lakes and ponds 0.6%. A very
small amount of the earth’s water is contained within biological bodies and
manufactured products.
The importance of water to
man cannot be over emphasized. It holds the most important benefit to man’s
sustenance besides shelter, food and clothing (Ajadi, 1996). It is recognized
all over the world that water is a vital resource for human existence and it is
a major factor in commanding the progress of civilization. Nigeria is
experiencing an increase in the rate of change in population growth coupled
with increased urbanization and living standards. Thus, the increasing needs
for domestic water and other uses, places an increasing demand on its water
resources.
Water
is very vital, resources is not in short supply in Nigeria and Ilorin in
particular, but regulating its availability and ensuring even distributions is
always a serious problem, (sule, et al., 1999). However, the quantity of
portable water available for human consumption has been receiving attention.
Two extreme views have often been expressed regarding availability of water to
man. One view believes that man is in his critical period in water consumption,
and that demand is overtaking supply. The other view is that water is
sufficiently available all the time everywhere worldwide. Both views may be
acceptable in terms of water resources availability across the geographical
space. For instance, Sule and Okeola(2010) studied the performance assessment
of a regional water supply arrangement in Kwara State, Nigeria. Ghali, (1992),
Glieck (1996), Sule et al.,(2000), Shabam and Sharman (1981) and Oyegun (1983)
studied water resources development in Kwara State and found out that
increasing urbanization, population and ineffective management of water
resources have been leading to water crisis.
The
conventional practices of planning, designing and managing water systems require
regular reviews and adjustment. For effective service delivery, many studies
have been carried out in area of water supply management in developing
countries. In a study conducted by Akinola and Areola (1980) in Ibadan, Nigeria,
the basic per capital consumption for planned residential areas was found out
to be 89 liters per day; this demand is however suppressed because of
intermittent pumping. Water consumption varies from one area to another
depending on socio-economic standard of the people, the level of education and development,
nature of prevailing climate, the hygienic characteristics of the people, level
of provision of sanitation facilities and general sanitary habits of the
people. However, it is generally agreed that a minimum of 501/c/d is needed by
an individual to satisfy his basic needs irrespective of socio-cultural
background. Ilorin like many other cities in Nigeria does not have accurate
water demand and distribution data that could be used for the design and
improvement of the water distribution system.
Water is not only a vital environmental factor to all forms of life, but it also has a great role to play in socio-economic development of human population. it was in recognition of this that the 34TH World Health Assembly in 1981 made a resolution emphasizing that safe drinking of water is a basic element of “Primary Health Care” which is the key to the attainment of health of citizens of the world.
AN INVESTIGATION INTO WATER DEMAND AND DISTRIBUTION IN ILORIN WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT
