CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
In a synchronous system, operations are coordinated under the centralized control of a fixed-rate clock signal or several clocks. An asynchronous digital system, in contrast, has no global clock: instead, it operates under distributed control, with concurrent hardware components communicating and synchronizing on channels. Asynchronous communication is typically performed on channels. Communication is used both to synchronize operations of the concurrent system as well as to pass data. A simple channel typically consists of two wires: a request and an acknowledge. In a ‘4-phase handshaking protocol’ (or return-to-zero), the request is asserted by the sender component, and the receiver responds by asserting the acknowledge; then both signals are deasserted in turn. In a ‘2-phase handshaking protocol’ (or transition-signalling), the requester simply toggles the value on the request wire (once), and the receiver responds by toggling the value on the acknowledge wire. Channels can also be extended to communicate data Asynchronous datapaths are typically encoded using several schemes. Robust schemes use two wires or ‘rails’ for each bit, called ‘dual-rail encoding’. In this case, first rail is asserted to transmit a 0 value, or the second rail is asserted to transmit a 1 value. The asserted rail is then reset to zero before the next data value is transmitted, thereby indicating ‘no data’ or a ‘spacer’ state. A less robust, but widely-used and practical scheme, is called ‘single-rail bundled data’. Here, a single-rail (i.e. synchronous-style) function block can be used, with an accompanying worst-case matched delay. After valid data inputs arrive, a request signal is asserted as the input to the matched delay. When the matched delay produces a ‘done’ output, the block guaranteed to have completed computation. While this scheme has timing constraints, they are simple, localized (unlike in synchronous systems), and one-sided, hence are usually easy to validate.
ABOUT MTN NIGERIA MTN
Nigeria is part of the MTN Group, Africa’s leading cellular telecommunications company. On May 16, 2001, MTN became the first GSM network to make a call following the globally lauded Nigerian GSM auction conducted by the Nigerian Communications Commission earlier in the year. Thereafter the company launched full commercial operations beginning with Lagos, Abuja and Port Harcourt. MTN paid $285m for one of four GSM licenses in Nigeria in January 2001. To date, in excess of US$1.8 billion has been invested building mobile telecommunications infrastructure in Nigeria. Since launch in August 2001, MTN has steadily deployed its services across Nigeria. It now provides services in 223 cities and towns, more than 10,000 villages and communities and a growing number of highways across the country, spanning the 36 states of the Nigeria and the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. Many of these villages and communities are being connected to the world of telecommunications for the first time ever. The company’s digital microwave transmission backbone, the 3,400 Kilometre Y’elloBahn was commissioned by President Olusegun Obasanjo in January 2003 and is reputed to be the most extensive digital microwave transmission infrastructure in all of Africa. The Y’elloBahn has significantly helped to enhance call quality on MTN network. The company subsists on the core brand values of leadership, relationship, integrity, innovation and “can-do”. It prides itself on its ability to make the impossible possible, connecting people with friends, family and opportunities. MTN Nigeria also recently expanded its network capacity to include a new numbering range with the prefix 0806, making MTN the first GSM network in Nigeria to have adopted an additional numbering system, having exhausted its initial subscriber numbering range – 0803. In its resolve to enhance quality customer service, MTN Nigeria has also introduced a self-help toll-free 181 customer-care line through which subscribers can resolve their frequently asked questions free of charge. MTN’s overriding mission is to be a catalyst for Nigeria’s economic growth and development, helping to unleash Nigeria’s strong developmental potential not only through the provision of world class communications but also through innovative and sustainable corporate social responsibility initiatives.
1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Pin code numbers that are available in the nation today is not enough to serve the teaming population and among the available line, many are faulty because of lack of maintenance. Our government is not given enough funds to MTN management. MTN is crying daily for insufficient line, but with all this more than one line are allocated to some individuals The Network of MTN cabinets are no longer useful and the underground cable system is no more serving the population currently in the society. MTN is finding it difficult to maintain the identity and record of its subscribers, this makes it impossible for them to know the people line are allocated to and those people pin code numbers are not allocated to.
1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
1. The present invention is to provide a method and system for generating a number stream that, using the most advanced cryptanalytic and statistical methods available.
2. To provide a method and system for generating an asynchronous pin code number which is non-deterministic?
3. The present invention is to provide a method and system for guaranteeing that no particular subsequence of an asynchronous pin code number or derivative value is used twice while at the same time eliminating vulnerabilities associated with keeping records of values generated.
4. To provide a method and system for generating an asynchronous pin code number which is immune to attack and compromise.
5. To provide a method and system for generating an asynchronous pin code number which utilizes the apparently automatic nature of ordered systems generally? An asynchronous pin code generating system has speed up the assigning of number to both individuals. It has helped many organizations to easy the heavy burden associated with manual method of assigning number to their clients. It has helped in the generation, processing and storing of effective and reliable numbers.
1.3 PURPOSE OF STUDY
The main aim of this study is to computerize an asynchronous pin code generating system system in order to improve their transaction rate of services to their various customers.
1.4 SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY
The need for a study of this nature can not be over emphasized. It is expected that with the designed system, one can realize some important effects of the computerized an asynchronous pin code generating system system. Some of the effects are : The chances of frauds of any kind will be drastically reduced as well as errors on customer’s bill. The new system saves time and facilitates the prompt raising of bills as delay brings on extra cost to customers. The information flow is well maintained and it enhances the top management decision making. 1. The new system ensures ease of processing and hence ensures faster processing of output on customers waiting to collect their bill.
1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The research is limited to an asynchronous pin code generating system as it is maintained with MTN Nigeria . It critically studies the current system in use defecting the problem facing the system, analysis of the problem and coming up with a modified system that well solve the current and further problem that may come up with little or no modification. This will do a lot of good.
1.6 LIMITATION Our time and money was our major physical problem during the course of the project work. (or should I say my time and money) with my studies and exams at hand I just have limited time to carryout this research very extensively. However, I did a detailed research work.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Asynchronous relating to or using an electronic communication method that sends data in one direction, one character at a time
COMPUTER is an electronic device used for to accept data inform of input and process the data, store the data and has the ability to retrieve stored data. HARDWARE is the physical component of computer
SYSTEM is the collection of all part of computer including human being.
BILLING is the processing of preparing bill for the customer
STAFF is the person working in an organization.
STORAGE is a media for storing data/information.
DATABASE is the collection of related files. Telephone is an instrument that sends and receives voice messages and data. Telephone call a communication carried out using the telephone Telephone booth an enclosed or partly enclosed space with a pay telephone in it Telephone number the sequence of numbers that identifies a particular telephone and that must be dialed for a caller to be connected to it
AN ASYNCHRONOUS PIN CODE GENERATING SYSTEM A CASE STUDY OF MTN NIGERIA
