TABLE OF CONTENTS
Content Page
Title page i
Certification ii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgements v
Abstract vi
Table of Contents vii
List of Tables ix
List of Figures x
List of Appendices xi
List of Acronyms xii
CHAPTER
ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem 2
1.3 Objective of the Study 3
1.4 Research Questions 3
1.5 Hypotheses 3
1.6 Scope of the Study 4
1.7 Significance of the Study 4
1.8 Justification for the Study 4
1.9 Operational Definition of Terms 5
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Content
page
2.0
Introduction
7
2.1
The Adolescent
8
2.2 Prevalence of sexual violence among adolescents. 9
2.3
Child sexual abuse10
2.4Causes
of sexual Violence 12
2.5
Prevention of sexual violence
12
2,6
Effect of sexual violence
17
2.7
Experience of sexual violence 21
2.8
Burden of sexual violence in Nigeria
24
2.9
knowledge of sexual violence
26
2.10 Role of community health nurse in reducing sexual violence 27
2.11
Theoretical frame work 28
2.12
Conceptual model
31
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction 33
3.1 Research Design 33
3.2 Population 33
3.3 Sample size and sampling Technique 34
3.4 Instrumentation 35
3.5 Validity of Instrument 36
3.6 Reliability of Instrument 37
3.7 Method of Data Collection 37
Content page
3.7 Method of Data Analysis 37
3.8 Ethical Consideration 38
CHAPTER
FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS, RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION
OF FINDINGS
4.0 Introduction 39
4.1 Demographic analysis of respondents 39
4.2 Knowledge of adolescents on Sexual violence 40
4.3 Answering of Research questions
42
4.4 Experience of sexual violence 46
4.5
Hypothesis testing
51
4.7
Discussion of findings54
CHAPTER
FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.0 Introduction 57
5.1 Summary 57
5.2 Conclusion 58
5.3 Recommendations 58
5.4 Limitation of the Study 59
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
3.1
Distribution of Respondents by school and level of study 35
4.1
Distribution of Demographic Variables 40
4.2 Distribution of Respondents ‘on source of knowledge of sexual violence 41
4.3
Distrbution on respondents knowledge on sexual violence 42
4.4
Computation of Respondents’ level of
Knowledge on sexual Violence43
4.5 Distribution of respondents Knowledge of risk reduction in preventing
sexual violence 45
4.6 Distribution of Adolescents’ Experience of
Sexual Violence among Respondents46
4.7 Distribution of
Adolescents form of experience of sexual violence.48
4.8 distribution of adolescents nature of
experience of sexual violence 50
4.9Distribution of Adolescents’ Reaction to Experience of Sexual Violence51
4.10
Chi Square for adolescent age And knowledge
52
4.11
Anova of socio economic status and
experience of sexual violence 53
4.12Pearson
Correlation for knowledge and experience of Sexual Violence. 53
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page.
2.1 Model for theory of reasoned action 30
4.1 Pie chart showing respondents distribution of knowledge. 44
APPENDICES
Appendix Page
1: Questionnaire used in this Study 61
2: Informed Consent Form 67
3: Ethical Clearance Certificate 69
4: Letter of Introduction 70
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CDC;Center For Disease Control.
CARE; Community
Awareness Rape Education.
SES;Sexual Experience Scale
WHO;
World Health Organization
YBSS; Youth Behavior
Screening Survey.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Sexual violence
is a major dehumanizing and serious emerging public health problem. It is also
a social problem that affects thousands of people each year throughout the
world, and adolescents seem to be the most affected victims due to their
vulnerability (Center for Disease Control, 2011). About one
hundred and fifty million girls below
the age of 18 are said to have had
experience of some form of sexual
abuse (WHO, 2012). Researches also shows that 6 out of 10 sexual
violence actions is done against girls between the age of fifteen or younger. Despite these high figures, they are
still an underestimation of figures as a good number of sexual violence cases
are never reported to the relevant establishment due to fear, shame and bias.
(Sandra & Bloom, 2005). The male
counterparts are not left out as well, although females seem to bear the
largest brunt of the problem. Sexual violence can have long lasting, harmful
consequence on it victims, their relatives, friends, and communities.
WHO (2012), described sexual violence as any
attempt to achieve a sexual act,
unwanted sexual comments, or advances, or act to traffic or otherwise directed
against a person’s sexuality using force, by any one regardless of their relationship to the
victim in any setting including home,
school, and work, (Krug, Mercy, Dahlberg, & Zwi, 2002). It involves
actions that range from verbal harassment to forced penetration, with various
types of social intimidation. Sexual violence is a common phenomenon and occurs
worldwide.
Data available
suggests that in some countries one in five women report sexual violence by an
intimate partner and up to a third of girls report forced sexual initiation (Odu, Falana, & Olotu, 2014) Sexual assault
encompasses a range of acts, including coerced sex in marriage and dating
relationships, rape by strangers, organized rape in war, sexual harassment
(including demands of sex for jobs or school grades), and rape of children,
trafficking of women and girls, female genital mutilation, and forced exposure
to pornography. It is any act (verbal and/or physical) which breaks a person’s
trust and/or safety and is sexual in nature
(Dahlberg & Krug, 2002).
Adolescent women
are at a higher risk for sexual violence than any other age group. Globally
40-47 percent of sexual violence is done against girls age 15 and younger.
Child sexual abuse accounts for 7% to 8% of the mental health disease burden
amongst females globally (Degue et al,
2014).Studies shows that a large number
of date/acquaintance rape accounts for major cases of sexual violence. Poor
awareness of the menace among this age group is a major identified risk factors
increasing their vulnerability (CDC, 2014). Due to past or
ongoing sexual abuse, abused teens are more likely than their non-abused peers
to participate in “delinquent” teenage behaviors including those which result
in social problems, conflict with authority, early sexual behavior, and eating
problems, teenage pregnancy, and other high risk behaviors. (Darlinghton 2014). It is also note
worthy that Most reported cases of sexual violence in Nigeria happens to
victims of less than 18 years of age
(Adepoju, 2012)
Thus, putting Adolescents at a
greater risk of victimization in sexual violence issues. In preventing this
menace efforts must be made to reach both the perpetrators and the victims.
This is because programs planned towards creating awareness on sexual violence
would probably reduce perpetrators choice of committing sexual violence crimes
and victims risk of falling into such acts. Therefore assessing the knowledge
and experiences of adolescents is imperative in gathering baseline data that
would aid appropriate intervention program that is aimed at primarily
preventing sexual violence incidence in a developing country like Nigeria were
resources to manage cases are limited.
ADOLESCENTS’ KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN SELECTED PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN ILE IFE OSUN STATE
