ABSTRACT
An appraisal of tax collection system in Nigeria. The aim and objective of
the topic is to critically analyze the assessment and collection procedure of
tax in Nigeria.
To identify the problems militating against assessment and collection
procedure, to know the possible effects of improving assessment and collection
recommendation for an effective and efficiency means of assessment and
collection of taxes. Finally, to make useful suggestion and advices the government
based on the findings.
The significant of this study is that though tax is a nationwide
phenomenon, the scope of this study is intended to cover only Imo state; the
tax laws in Imo state and the various types of taxes in operation.
Taxation as one of major sources of revenue to the unsuccessful implementation
of economic policies on collection procedures for the government. Fraud as one
of the problem because most of tax payers in Nigeria falsify their records so
as not to be declare high profit and pay high tax . Also most of the taxpayers’
money cannot be accounted for. At times when taxes paid, the tax officials
don’t give the government all the monies they reserve some for themselves.
The techniques used in the formulation of the hypothesis are the
statistical method which is the chi-0square method was chosen to help in interpretation
of the data collection during investigation. The null hypothesis (Ho) is used
to determine its acceptance and or otherwise the acceptance of the alternative
hypothesis (H1).
The findings in all the project is that the assessment and
collection in Nigeria
is not effective.
Secondary is that the response of taxpayers in Nigeria connive
with tax officials to evade tax.
The researcher’s recommendations in order to boost the present
tax collection system in Nigeria
is to increase the revenue generated through tax improve tax payers confidence
in the government and willingness to pay tax.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
Title page- – – – – – – – – -i
Certification- – – – – – – – – -ii
Dedication- – – – – – – – – -iii
Acknowledgment- – – – – – – – -iv
Abstract- – – – – – – – – – -v
Table of contents- – – – – – – – -vi
Chapter one
- Introduction – – – – – – – – -1
- Back ground of the study- – – – – -2
- Statement of the problem- – – – – -4
- Objectives of the study- – – – – – -5
- Research questions- – – – – – -6
- Statement of hypothesis- – – – – -7
- Significant of the study- – – – – – -8
- Scope of the study- – – – – – -9
- Limitation of the study- – – – – – -10
- Definition of terms- – – – – – -10
Chapter two
2.0 Literature review- – – – – – – -13
- Introduction- – – – – – – – -13
- Review of tax laws in Nigeria- – – – – -13
- Canons of taxation – – – — – – -14
- Provision of income tax
management Act (ITMA)- -16
- Nigeria tax legislature – – – – – – 17
- The various types of taxes
and their legal back -18
- Important of taxation – – – – – -19
- Federal Board of Inland
revenue- – – – -20
- state board of Inland revenue- – – – -23
- Local government revenue committee- – – -25
- Nigeria tax structure- – – – – – – 25
- Definition/explanation of tax terminology29
- Assessment of persons and partners- – – -40
- The concept of value added tax- – – – -41
- Vatable persons in Nigeria- – – – – -48
Chapter
three
3.0 Research Design and Methodology – – – – -50
- Introduction- – – – – – – – -50
- Research design
sources/methods of data collection-50
- Sources of data – – – – – – -51
- Population and sample size- – – – – -52
- Sample technique- – – – – – – -54
- Validity and reliability of
measuring instrument- -54
- Method of data analysis- – – – – – –
56
Chapter four
4.0 Presentation and analysis of data- – – – -65
- Introduction- – – – – – – – -65
- Presentation of data- – – – – – -65
- Analysis of data- – – – – – – -66
- Test of hypothesis- – – – – – – -74
- Interpretation of result- – – – – – -79
Chapter five
5.0 Summary conclusion and recommendations – – -81
5.1 Introduction- – – – – – – – -81
5.2 summary of findings- – – – – – – –
81
5.3 Conclusions- – – – – – – – -82
5.4 Recommendations – – – – – – – -83
5.5 recommendation for further studies – – – -90
References – – – – – – – – -91
Appendix- – – – – – – – – – -93
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
As a matter of fact, accounting is not very new in the history
of men. Anywhere and whenever economic activities have progressed beyond the
most elementary conditions of service and production, the accounts system have
appeared. As far back as 4500BC, accounts system have been found, hence Greek,
Romans, Egyptians, early European and medieval accounting records are in
existence. In fact man have used accounting recording at any stage of his
development according to their needs.
Accounting environment has undergone vast changes ion the past and an accelerating rate of change is in prospect for the future. As at today what is been accepted as accounting would have been recognized as such fifty years ago, as such, one may safely predict that in fifty or more years time, the subject will bear little resemblance to what it is today. Accounting from the view point of American Accounting Association (AAA, 1996) they defined it thus: “is the process of identifying, measuring and communicating economic information to permit informed judgment and decision by the users of information”. Well according to the Bible, “church” is defined as “the body,” which Christ is the head. Therefore, church is assembly of citizens that acknowledge Jesus Christ as their supreme ruler. Church as an organization possessed the characteristics of non-profit making. B.N Okezie, FCA (2000) Defined non-profit making organization as those that possess following characteristics:
“Non-profit making organization thereby non-trading and non
service rendered except to their members and having their major source of
funding through subscription from such members.
1.1 BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY
The primary objective of the churches, though non-profit
maximization but this churches realized revenue as they meet for fellowship
through tithes, offering, donations, persuasions etc, this revenue as a matter
of facts, have to be properly accounted for, hence the members may wish to know
if this revenue are properly utilized by the management. On this note, there is
that need for accountability by the management hence nature demands that any
one who is given work to perform must be accountable to it. According to Kohe’s
Dictionary for accountants, 6th edition, he defined accountability
as ‘the obligation of an employee, agent, or other person to supply a
satisfactory report after periodic of action or of failure to act following
delegate authority”.
Accountability in this perspective is stewardship. As a matter of fact, stewardship accounting has its origin in the function which accounting serve from the earliest time in the history of our society. Essentially, accountability can not be achieved without involving orderly recording of the organization financial and non-financial transactions, and this agrees with the accounting term “fairness”. “Adequacy and propriety” in other words, the ability of financial statement to convey in ambiguous and adequate information.
The word stewardship have been considered so important that St. Luke
Gospel chapter 16 verse 2, said “and he called him and said unto him, how is it
that I hear this? Give an account of the steward for thou sayest be no longer
steward”.
Therefore, if accountability and fairness is to be achieved in
any organization which includes church as a focus of this research, there must
be an adequate and constant accounting system.
At this point, we consider the word accounting system, according
to Eric L Kohler, he defined accounting system as: “The classification of
account, form, procedures and control by which assets, liabilities, revenues,
expenses and the result of transactions generally are recorded and controlled”.
On this note, this research aim of examining the accountability in churches. To know when they have general accepted accounting principle different from the one used by profit making organizations.
ACCOUNTABILITY IN NON-PROFIT MAKING ORGANIZATION (A CASED STUDY OF ASSUMPTA CATHEDRAL CHURCH OWERRI)
