A SURVEY OF IGUN AND IGBENSAMWAN ART GUILDS OF BENIN

TABLE OF CONTENT

Title page ………………………………………………………….……… i

Certification ……………………………………..………………..…..……ii

Dedication ………………………………………………………….……..iii

Acknowledgement ………………………………………………..……….iv

Abstract …………………………………………..…………………………vi

Table of contents …………………………………..……..………………..vii

List of plates……………………………………..…………………………..ix

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of Study …………………………………………………….1

1.2 Statement of Problem …………………………………………………….6

1.3 Objectives of Study ………………………………………………………6

1.4 Significance of study …………….……………………………………….7

1.5 Limitation of Study ………………………………………………………7

1.6 Scope of Study ……………………………..……………………………7

1.7 Procedures …………………………..……………………………………8

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Literature Review ………………………………………………………10

CHAPTER THREE: FORMATION OF THE IGUN AND IGBESANMWAN ART GUILDS

3.1 Igun Eronmwon ………………………………………………………..18

3.2 Materials Being Used ………………………………………………….32

3.3 Efforts on the Margin ………………………………………………….35

3.4 Idumwun Igbesanmwan Carving Centre …………………………..…..36

3.5 Membership …………………………………………………………….42

3.6 Organization ……………………………………………………………42

3.7 Procedures ………………………………………………………………44

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3.8 Influences ….………………………………………………………..…45

3.9 The Present Situation of Igun and Igbesanmwan Art Guilds ……..……46

3.10 Challenges of Igbesanmwan …………………………………………49

3.11 Challenges of Igun Eronmwon ………………………………………49

CHAPTER FOUR: WORKS OF THE GUILDS

4.1 Works of the Igun Art Guilds of Benin Kingdom ……………………..51

4.2 Works of the Igbesanwan Carvers Guilds ………………………..……61

CHAPTER FIVE: RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION

5.1 Recommendation …………………………………………………..…..63

5.2 Conclusion …………………………………………………………..…63

REFERENCES ……………………….……………………………………65

APPENDIX ……..…………………………………………………………67

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LIST OF PLATES Plate 1: Sourced red-earth (sand) is being mixed with water (2016). © Gideon Jumbo. 23 Plate 2: Sourced honey bee wax (2016). © Gideon Jumbo. 23 Plate 3: An Igun bronze casting artist creating design on a dried red-earth work covered with wax (2016). © Gideon Jumbo. 24 Plate 4: A runner covered with red-earth (sand). © Gideon Jumbo, 2016. 25 Plate 5: A work tied with coiling wire for reinforcement (2016). © Gideon Jumbo. 26 Plate 6: Red-earth coated work with coiling wire inside it. © Gideon Jumbo, 2016. 26 Plate 7: Sourced firewood for firing of work (2016). © Gideon Jumbo. 28 Plate 8: Traditional pot used for melting wax. © Gideon Jumbo, 2016. 29 Plate 9: The traditional furnace where works are fired. © Gideon Jumbo, 2016. 29 Plate 10: An Igun artist brushing a work for finishing. © Gideon Jumbo, 2016. 31 Plate 11: The traditional Aiwan metal clipper. © Gideon